关键词: CRISPR-Cas, 基因编辑, 生物传感器

Abstract:

Clustered regular interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system is a unique immune defense mechanism that widely existed in bacteria. It can effectively bind exogenous nucleic acid molecules when combined with special Cas protein, then cause fragmentation and further degradation of exogenous gene. Due to the special recognition property of the CRISPR-Cas system, it can be used for targeted editing of genomes through directional modification in vitro. The special targeting mechanism of CRISPR-Cas system provides a new concept for the development of nucleic acid-based biosensors. More and more researchers began establishing unique logic systems based on the nature of different kinds of Cas proteins, to achieve accurately the identification of target substances. Biosensors based on CRISPR technology had also opened up the application in other fields. This paper introduced the origin, mechanism and scientific classification of CRISPR-Cas system and classified the biosensors according to different mechanisms and identify substrates. Finally, we prospected for the application of efficient CRISPR based on biosensors.

Key words: CRISPR-Cas, gene editing, biosensor