CRISPR/Cas9技术在小麦育种中的应用进展

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2020.0104

生物技术进展 ›› 2021, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (6): 661-667.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2020.0104

• 进展评述 • 下一篇

CRISPR/Cas9技术在小麦育种中的应用进展

曹巧¹(), 史占良¹, 张国丛¹, 班进福¹, 郑树松², 傅晓艺¹, 张士昌¹, 何明琦¹, 韩然¹, 高振贤¹()

^1.石家庄市农林科学研究院，石家庄 050041
^2.中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所，北京 100101

收稿日期:2020-08-28 接受日期:2021-09-03 出版日期:2021-11-25 发布日期:2021-11-26
通讯作者: 高振贤
作者简介:曹巧 E-mail：qiaocao19@163.com；
基金资助:
河北省重点研发计划项目(20326311D);河北现代农业小麦产业技术体系项目;国家小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-03-1-6)

Progress of CRISPR/Cas9 Application in Wheat Breeding

Qiao CAO¹(), Zhanliang SHI¹, Guocong ZHANG¹, Jinfu BAN¹, Shusong ZHENG², Xiaoyi FU¹, Shichang ZHANG¹, Mingqi HE¹, Ran HAN¹, Zhenxian GAO¹()

^1.Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences，Shijiazhuang 050041，China
^2.Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100101，China

Received:2020-08-28 Accepted:2021-09-03 Online:2021-11-25 Published:2021-11-26
Contact: Zhenxian GAO

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）是世界上主要的农作物之一，在粮食安全供应中发挥重要作用。在过去的几十年，由于小麦基因组复杂和遗传转化困难，导致小麦的基础和应用研究落后于其他谷类作物。2014年小麦基因组编辑取得了显著进展，进而促进了小麦生物技术的发展。综述了CRISPR/Cas9技术在小麦育种中的研究进展，简单介绍了CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术的发现、原理和优缺点，指出小麦基因编辑过程中农杆菌介导的遗传转化较粒子轰击法可降低转基因沉默频率，未来将成为基因编辑过程中主流的遗传转化方式；优化sgRNA的启动子、选择同源保守序列做为靶点可以提高基因编辑效率；新开发的碱基编辑器和prime editor需引入更多突变类型。展望了进一步提高小麦基因编辑效率和安全性的可行性，以期为未来小麦育种工作提供参考。

关键词: 小麦育种, 基因编辑, CRISPR/Cas9

Abstract:

Triticum aestivum L. is one of the main crops in the world and plays an important role in food security supply. In the past few decades， due to the complexity of wheat genome and the difficulty of genetic transformation， the basic and applied research of wheat has lagged behind other cereal crops. In 2014， remarkable progress was made in wheat genome editing， which promoted the development of wheat biotechnology. This paper summarized the research progress of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in wheat breeding， briefly introduced the discovery， principle， advantages and disadvantages of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology， and pointed out that the Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation in the process of wheat gene editing would reduce the gene silencing frequency compared with particle bombardment， and would become the mainstream genetic transformation in the process of gene editing in the future； optimizing the promoter of sgRNA and selecting the conserved sequence of homologous gene as the target can improve the efficiency of gene editing； the newly developed base editor and prime editor need to introduce more mutation types， and the feasibility of further improving the efficiency and safety of wheat gene editing was prospected to provide reference for future wheat breeding work.

Key words: wheat breeding, gene edit, CRISPR/Cas9

中图分类号:

S512

曹巧, 史占良, 张国丛, 班进福, 郑树松, 傅晓艺, 张士昌, 何明琦, 韩然, 高振贤. CRISPR/Cas9技术在小麦育种中的应用进展[J]. 生物技术进展, 2021, 11(6): 661-667.

Qiao CAO, Zhanliang SHI, Guocong ZHANG, Jinfu BAN, Shusong ZHENG, Xiaoyi FU, Shichang ZHANG, Mingqi HE, Ran HAN, Zhenxian GAO. Progress of CRISPR/Cas9 Application in Wheat Breeding[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2021, 11(6): 661-667.

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CRISPR/Cas9技术在小麦育种中的应用进展

Progress of CRISPR/Cas9 Application in Wheat Breeding

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