关键词: CRISPR/Cas9, sgRNA, 肿瘤发生, 肿瘤治疗

Abstract: It has been rapidly applied to oncology studies since the advent of CRISPR/Cas9. In the study of tumorigenesis mechanism, CRISPR/Cas9 can be used to study the role of single nucleotide mutation, chromosomal aberration and other factors in the tumorigenesis mechanism, as well as the screening of function defective genes in tumor cells. In the study of tumor therapy, CRISPR/Cas9 is mainly used in tumors that induced by viruses, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma and cervical cancer, which could inhibit the carcinogenesis by gene editing of the corresponding viruses. The use of CRISPR/Cas9 can also accelerate the discovery of new oncology-targeted genes. Despite its rapid development and application, the role of CRISPR/Cas9 in tumor research and therapy was limited by a number of factors, including the efficiency of Cas9 and sgRNA delivery, off-target effects, and safety and cost-effectiveness. This article reviewed the progress of the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in cancer research, which was expect to provide a reference for the study of tumorigenesis, metastasis mechanism and tumor therapy.

Key words: CRISPR/Cas9, sgRNA, tumorigenesis, tumor therapy