关键词: 基因编辑, 微藻, ZFN, TALEN, CRISPR/Cas9

Abstract: Microalgae, as single-celled organisms, are widely distributed in oceans and freshwater lakes. Microalgae are  used in the production of bioenergy and high-value products because they can accumulate a large amount of biomass in cells during their growth. Although microalgae have great potential, bottlenecks such as low lipid rate have not been solved in existing research. In recent years, gene engineering technology, especially new gene editing technology, has developed rapidly, and genome editing technology is fast and effective, which is conducive to fully understanding the genetic and molecular biological information of microalgae. Therefore, its application in microalgae has become a hot field in microalgae genetic engineering and bioengineering, and has attracted extensive attention. Based on this, several new gene editing technologies such as zinc finger nuclease (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) and clustered regularly spaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CAS (CRISPR-associated systems) nuclease system, etc, were briefly introduced. The application progress of these technologies in microalgae was reviewed, and the prospect of microalgae gene editing was made, in order to provide reference for further understanding and solving the problems related to microalgae gene editing.

Key words: gene editing, microalgae, ZFN, TALEN, CRISPR/Cas9