CRISPR/Cas系统的分类及研究现状

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2021.0198

生物技术进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (4): 532-538.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2021.0198

CRISPR/Cas系统的分类及研究现状

高维崧(), 窦金萍, 韦双, 刘兴健, 张志芳, 李轶女()

中国农业科学院生物技术研究所，北京 100081

收稿日期:2021-12-23 接受日期:2022-01-27 出版日期:2022-07-25 发布日期:2022-08-10
通讯作者: 李轶女
作者简介:高维崧 E-mail：caasgaows@163.com；
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32072796);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2020BFG02017)

Classification and Research Status of CRISPR/Cas Systems

Weisong GAO(), Jinping DOU, Shuang WEI, Xingjian LIU, Zhifang ZHANG, Yinyu LI()

Biotechnology Research Institute，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Beijing 100081，China

Received:2021-12-23 Accepted:2022-01-27 Online:2022-07-25 Published:2022-08-10
Contact: Yinyu LI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

CRISPR技术作为一种新型的基因编辑技术，被广泛应用于微生物、动物和植物领域。对CRISPR/Cas系统的起源、分类特点等进行了阐述，重点梳理了CRISPR/Cas系统分类的发展历程，并根据最新分类方法，介绍了不同类型的CRISPR/Cas系统的作用机制、内部不同蛋白的作用特点及应用与发展，以期探寻更多的CRISPR/Cas系统，扩大该系统的应用领域。

关键词: CRISPR/Cas系统, 基因编辑, 分类

Abstract:

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats（CRISPR）is a rapid developed gene editing technology which is widely used in microorganisms， animals and plants. In this article， the origin and classification characteristics of CRISPR/Cas systems was explained， and we focused on the development process of CRISPR/Cas system classification， and introduced the action mechanism of different types of CRISPR/Cas system， the action characteristics， application and development of different internal proteins according to the latest classification methods. This paper aimed to explore more CRISPR/Cas systems and expand the application of this system.

Key words: CRISPR/Cas systems, gene editing, classification

中图分类号:

高维崧, 窦金萍, 韦双, 刘兴健, 张志芳, 李轶女. CRISPR/Cas系统的分类及研究现状[J]. 生物技术进展, 2022, 12(4): 532-538.

Weisong GAO, Jinping DOU, Shuang WEI, Xingjian LIU, Zhifang ZHANG, Yinyu LI. Classification and Research Status of CRISPR/Cas Systems[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2022, 12(4): 532-538.

图/表 1

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大类	型	亚型	包含的Cas蛋白
第一大类	Ⅰ型	Ⅰ⁃A、Ⅰ⁃B、Ⅰ⁃C、Ⅰ⁃D、Ⅰ⁃E、Ⅰ⁃F1、Ⅰ⁃F2、Ⅰ⁃F3	Cas1、Cas2、Cas3、Cas4、Cas5、Cas6、Cas7、Cas8
	Ⅲ型	Ⅲ⁃A、Ⅲ⁃B、Ⅲ⁃C、Ⅲ⁃D、Ⅲ⁃E、Ⅲ⁃F	Cas1、Cas2、Cas5、Cas6、Cas7、Cas10、Cas11
	Ⅳ型	Ⅳ⁃A、Ⅳ⁃B、Ⅳ⁃C	Cas1、Cas2、Cas5、Cas6、Cas7
第二大类	Ⅱ型	Ⅱ⁃A、Ⅱ⁃B、Ⅱ⁃C1、Ⅱ⁃C2	Cas1、Cas2、Cas4、Cas9
	Ⅴ型	Ⅴ⁃A、Ⅴ⁃B1、Ⅴ⁃B2、Ⅴ⁃C、Ⅴ⁃D、Ⅴ⁃E、Ⅴ⁃F1、Ⅴ⁃F1（Ⅴ⁃U3）、Ⅴ⁃F2、Ⅴ⁃F3、Ⅴ⁃G、Ⅴ⁃U1、Ⅴ⁃U2、Ⅴ⁃U4、Ⅴ⁃K（Ⅴ⁃U5）	Cas1、Cas2、Cas4、Cas12
	Ⅵ型	Ⅵ⁃A、Ⅵ⁃B1、Ⅵ⁃B2、Ⅵ⁃C、Ⅵ⁃D	Cas1、Cas2、Cas13

大类	型	亚型	包含的Cas蛋白
第一大类	Ⅰ型	Ⅰ⁃A、Ⅰ⁃B、Ⅰ⁃C、Ⅰ⁃D、Ⅰ⁃E、Ⅰ⁃F1、Ⅰ⁃F2、Ⅰ⁃F3	Cas1、Cas2、Cas3、Cas4、Cas5、Cas6、Cas7、Cas8
	Ⅲ型	Ⅲ⁃A、Ⅲ⁃B、Ⅲ⁃C、Ⅲ⁃D、Ⅲ⁃E、Ⅲ⁃F	Cas1、Cas2、Cas5、Cas6、Cas7、Cas10、Cas11
	Ⅳ型	Ⅳ⁃A、Ⅳ⁃B、Ⅳ⁃C	Cas1、Cas2、Cas5、Cas6、Cas7
第二大类	Ⅱ型	Ⅱ⁃A、Ⅱ⁃B、Ⅱ⁃C1、Ⅱ⁃C2	Cas1、Cas2、Cas4、Cas9
	Ⅴ型	Ⅴ⁃A、Ⅴ⁃B1、Ⅴ⁃B2、Ⅴ⁃C、Ⅴ⁃D、Ⅴ⁃E、Ⅴ⁃F1、Ⅴ⁃F1（Ⅴ⁃U3）、Ⅴ⁃F2、Ⅴ⁃F3、Ⅴ⁃G、Ⅴ⁃U1、Ⅴ⁃U2、Ⅴ⁃U4、Ⅴ⁃K（Ⅴ⁃U5）	Cas1、Cas2、Cas4、Cas12
	Ⅵ型	Ⅵ⁃A、Ⅵ⁃B1、Ⅵ⁃B2、Ⅵ⁃C、Ⅵ⁃D	Cas1、Cas2、Cas13

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CRISPR/Cas系统的分类及研究现状

Classification and Research Status of CRISPR/Cas Systems

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