生物技术进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (2): 198-204.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2021.0147

• 进展评述 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物育种新技术作物的安全管理

黄耀辉1(), 王艺洁2, 杨立桃2, 焦悦1(), 付仲文1()   

  1. 1.农业农村部科技发展中心,北京 100176
    2.上海交通大学生命科学技术学院,上海 200240
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-01 接受日期:2021-10-28 出版日期:2022-03-25 发布日期:2022-03-25
  • 通讯作者: 焦悦,付仲文
  • 作者简介:黄耀辉 E-mail: huangyaohui@agri.gov.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家转基因生物新品种培育科技重大专项(2016ZX08012003)

Safety Management of the Crop Produced by New Breeding Techniques

Yaohui HUANG1(), Yijie WANG2, Litao YANG2, Yue JIAO1(), Zhongwen FU1()   

  1. 1.Development Center for Science and Technology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100176,China
    2.School of Sciences and Biotechnology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China
  • Received:2021-09-01 Accepted:2021-10-28 Online:2022-03-25 Published:2022-03-25
  • Contact: Yue JIAO,Zhongwen FU

摘要:

生物育种新技术(new breeding techniques,NBTs)是指基于分子生物学工具进行作物分子育种的一类新技术,可以短期内使作物产生新的有利性状,促进作物新品种的开发,如基因编辑技术、RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)技术、同源转基因技术等。这些新技术目前正在全球农业育种中广泛应用,并且已有部分作物新品种获准商业化生产。然而,针对生物育种新技术产生的作物新品种的安全性和安全管理政策,全球尚未达成统一共识,对其安全监管的思考也不尽相同,限制了这些作物新品种的研发和商业化应用进程。综述了现阶段全球主要发达国家对于生物育种新技术作物的安全性和监管方面实施的管理政策和法规,以期对我国生物育种新技术作物的安全性管理政策的制定提供一定的借鉴。

关键词: 育种新技术, 基因编辑, RNAi, 同源转基因

Abstract:

New breeding techniques (NBTs) refers to a class of new techniques for molecular breeding based on molecular biology tools, which can produce new powerful traits for crops in a short period and promote the development of new crop varieties, such as gene editing technology, RNA interference (RNAi) technology, cisgenesis technology, etc. These new technologies are currently being widely used in global agricultural breeding, and some new crop varieties have been approved for commercial production. However, the world has not yet reached a consensus on the safety and safety management of new crop varieties produced by new biological breeding technologies, and different safety regulation ideas, which may limit the process of development and commercial application of new crop varieties. At this stage, policies and guiding documents on the safety and supervision of NBTs crops form major developed countries around the world were reviewed in this paper, which was expected provide reference for the safety management and regulation polices of NBTs crops to our country.

Key words: new breeding techniques (NBTs), gene editing, RNAi, cisgenesis

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