关键词: 基因编辑, CRISPR/Cas, 作物育种

Abstract: Genome editing is of important value in gene function study and crop improvement, which depends on the DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) at the genomic target sites created by RNA-guided endonuclease. During DSBs repaired through the error-prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) process or the more precise homology-directed repair (HDR) process, small insertions, deletions, or DNA fragment replacement will take place in the targeted gene(s). This review started with introduction of the mechanism and development process of genome editing, and focused on the recent progress of CRISPR/Cas based crop breeding, especially in food and cash crops, which was expected to provide useful reference for crop breeding.

Key words: genome editing, CRISPR/Cas, crop breeding