药用植物分子农场研究进展

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2022.0156

生物技术进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (1): 65-71.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2022.0156

药用植物分子农场研究进展

孙卉(), 张春义, 姜凌()

中国农业科学院生物技术研究所，北京 100081

收稿日期:2022-09-01 接受日期:2022-10-11 出版日期:2023-01-25 发布日期:2023-02-07
通讯作者: 姜凌
作者简介:孙卉 E-mail: sunhui@caas.cn；
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31870283);中国农业科学院创新工程项目(CAAS-ZDRW202010)

Progress of Plant Molecular Farming in Pharmaceutical Use

Hui SUN(), Chunyi ZHANG, Ling JIANG()

Biotechnology Research Institute，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Beijing 100081，China

Received:2022-09-01 Accepted:2022-10-11 Online:2023-01-25 Published:2023-02-07
Contact: Ling JIANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物分子农场可以利用植物生产具有药物用途的重组蛋白或者次生代谢化合物，应用广泛。随着对动植物中具有药物用途的代谢途径的深入解析，代谢途径中关键限速酶或调控蛋白的功能不断被明确，如何选择植物分子农场的底盘植物和遗传改造途径等问题，特别是如何协同提高植物制药产量与品质一直是植物分子农场体系建立中面临的关键科学问题。综述了药用的植物分子农场的最新研究进展，着重介绍了底盘植物的选择与药用植物分子农场的构建策略，以期为提高分子农场应用效果提供有力的科技支撑。

关键词: 药用成分, 植物分子农场, 蛋白设计, 基因编辑

Abstract:

Plant molecular farming producing recombinant proteins or secondary metabolic compounds of pharmaceutical uses has great potential to be widely used in different therapeutical situation. With the continuous progress of metabolic pathways involved in pharmaceutical uses in animals and plants， more and more key rate-limiting enzymes or regulatory proteins have been identified. However， how to select the baseplate plant and genetic transformation methods， especially， how to ef?ciently manufacture high quality of pharmaceuticals from plants and improve the yield has always been one of the key scientific issues. This paper reviewed the key factors for the establishment of plant molecular farming， focued on the application of new technologies such as protein molecular design and gene editing involved in the process， and put forward the latest strategies for the establishment of plant molecular farms， and provided scientific and technological support for improving the efficiency of molecular farms of pharmaceutical uses.

Key words: pharmaceutical uses, plant molecular farming, protein design, gene editing

中图分类号:

Q943.2

孙卉, 张春义, 姜凌. 药用植物分子农场研究进展[J]. 生物技术进展, 2023, 13(1): 65-71.

Hui SUN, Chunyi ZHANG, Ling JIANG. Progress of Plant Molecular Farming in Pharmaceutical Use[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2023, 13(1): 65-71.

图/表 2

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类型	优点	缺点
细菌	快速繁殖、无场所限制	需要诱导才能产生产物、有治疗风险、无法产生复杂产品
酵母	快速增殖、无场所限制、蛋白质产量高	需要诱导才能产生产物
动物细胞培养	周期长、类人蛋白修饰、蛋白质产量高、无场所限制	维护和生产成本高、需要诱导才能产生产物、产生的蛋白大小有限制、有治疗风险
植物细胞培养	周期短、维护和生产成本低、蛋白质产量高	需要诱导才能产生产物、产生的蛋白大小有限制、聚糖修饰可能导致过敏反应
拟南芥	生物信息完整、基因组小、表达系统简单且成熟	不适用于商业大规模应用生产
紫花苜蓿和三叶草	产量高、用于动物疫苗、容易繁殖	存在过多草酸、叶片中蛋白质稳定性较低
烟草	产量高、表达系统成熟、可以快速扩大规模	存在有害生物碱、叶片中蛋白质稳定性较低
油菜和红花	油体纯化技术适合脂溶性产物	生物量低、聚糖修饰与油体积累不匹配
番茄	可食用、温室栽培	培育成本高、需冷藏、受季节影响
土豆和胡萝卜	可食用、特定的储藏器官	食用前必须煮熟、淀粉含量较高
豌豆、大豆和花生	蛋白质含量高、生产成本低	表达水平低
小麦和大麦	储藏期间的产物稳定、生产成本低	需考虑粮食作物安全问题、产量低、转化难度高
水稻和玉米	储藏期间的产物稳定、产量高、提取方便、生物信息完整、表达系统成熟易于转化、生产成本低	需考虑粮食作物安全问题，聚糖修饰可能导致过敏反应

类型	优点	缺点
细菌	快速繁殖、无场所限制	需要诱导才能产生产物、有治疗风险、无法产生复杂产品
酵母	快速增殖、无场所限制、蛋白质产量高	需要诱导才能产生产物
动物细胞培养	周期长、类人蛋白修饰、蛋白质产量高、无场所限制	维护和生产成本高、需要诱导才能产生产物、产生的蛋白大小有限制、有治疗风险
植物细胞培养	周期短、维护和生产成本低、蛋白质产量高	需要诱导才能产生产物、产生的蛋白大小有限制、聚糖修饰可能导致过敏反应
拟南芥	生物信息完整、基因组小、表达系统简单且成熟	不适用于商业大规模应用生产
紫花苜蓿和三叶草	产量高、用于动物疫苗、容易繁殖	存在过多草酸、叶片中蛋白质稳定性较低
烟草	产量高、表达系统成熟、可以快速扩大规模	存在有害生物碱、叶片中蛋白质稳定性较低
油菜和红花	油体纯化技术适合脂溶性产物	生物量低、聚糖修饰与油体积累不匹配
番茄	可食用、温室栽培	培育成本高、需冷藏、受季节影响
土豆和胡萝卜	可食用、特定的储藏器官	食用前必须煮熟、淀粉含量较高
豌豆、大豆和花生	蛋白质含量高、生产成本低	表达水平低
小麦和大麦	储藏期间的产物稳定、生产成本低	需考虑粮食作物安全问题、产量低、转化难度高
水稻和玉米	储藏期间的产物稳定、产量高、提取方便、生物信息完整、表达系统成熟易于转化、生产成本低	需考虑粮食作物安全问题，聚糖修饰可能导致过敏反应

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药用植物分子农场研究进展

Progress of Plant Molecular Farming in Pharmaceutical Use

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