关键词: 结晶紫, 肿瘤, 细胞增殖与凋亡

Abstract:

Malignant tumors remain a significant challenge in global public health， posing severe threats to human health. While modern medicine has achieved remarkable advances in anticancer therapies， the development of novel antitumor drugs still faces challenges including high costs， long development cycles， and limited accessibility， particularly in resource-limited regions. Therefore， exploring cost-effective and potent antitumor agents is of paramount importance. Gentian violet （GV）， a traditional triarylmethane dye， has been widely used historically for tissue staining， antibacterial， and antifungal treatments. Recent studies have revealed that GV exhibits prominent antitumor activity through the modulation of multiple cellular signaling pathways. Notably， GV demonstrates inhibitory effects against diverse malignancies， including lymphoma， hepatocellular carcinoma， melanoma， breast cancer， ovarian cancer， colorectal cancer， and glioma. Owing to its advantages such as low drug resistance， minimal toxicity， affordability， and reduced regulatory barriers， GV has emerged as a promising candidate for drug repurposing strategies in oncology. This review comprehensively examined the antitumor effects of GV and its underlying molecular mechanisms， providing a scientific foundation for future mechanistic investigations and clinical translation.

Key words: gentian violet, tumor, cell proliferation and apoptosis