我国大蒜产业发展现状与展望

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2024.0173

生物技术进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (2): 179-188.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2024.0173

• 进展评述 •

我国大蒜产业发展现状与展望

王子天¹^,²(), 范硕¹^,², 林榕姗², 谢亚铭¹^,², 魏海雷¹, 高淼¹(), 林敏³()

^1.北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室，农业农村部农业植物营养与肥料重点实验室，农业农村部农业微生物资源收集与保藏重点实验室，中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，北京 100081
^2.山东农业大学生命科学学院，山东泰安 271000
^3.中国农业科学院生物技术研究所，北京 100081

收稿日期:2024-11-06 接受日期:2025-02-27 出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-04-29
通讯作者: 高淼,林敏
作者简介:王子天E-mail： 2637596892@qq.com
基金资助:
国家十四五重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1901300)

Current Situation and Prospect of Garlic Industry Development in China

Zitian WANG¹^,²(), Shuo FAN¹^,², Rongshan LIN², Yaming XIE¹^,², Hailei WEI¹, Miao GAO¹(), Min LIN³()

^1.State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/ Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer，Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Beijing 100081，China
^2.College of Life Sciences，Shandong Agricultural University，Shandong Taian 271000，China
^3.Biotechnology Research Institute，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Beijing 100081，China

Received:2024-11-06 Accepted:2025-02-27 Online:2025-03-25 Published:2025-04-29
Contact: Miao GAO,Min LIN

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国是世界上大蒜种植面积最广和产量最高的国家，拥有丰富的大蒜资源。根据2023年的数据，中国的大蒜种植面积达到84.56万hm²，年产量为2 079.85万t，为大蒜产业的发展奠定了坚实的基础。大蒜不仅是日常饮食中的重要调味品，还在医药、保健品及食品加工领域具有广泛应用。然而，尽管我国大蒜产业规模庞大，但在产业化过程中，收入和利润主要集中在原材料及初加工环节，深加工产品和高附加值产品的开发仍显不足，导致产业链条存在“量大而质弱”的问题。分析了大蒜的价值、种类、空间分布及产业化现状，探讨了当前产业化面临的主要问题，提出了提升大蒜产品附加值、推动产业链一体化发展的策略。通过构建大蒜深加工和一体化发展的产业模式，旨在为我国大蒜产业的可持续发展提供理论依据和实践指导，从而促进产业升级和市场竞争力的提升。

关键词: 大蒜, 价值, 种类, 分布, 产业化

Abstract:

As the world's largest garlic producer， China dominates global cultivation area and output while possessing abundant garlic resources. By 2023， the country's garlic cultivation had reached 845 600 hm² with an annual production of 20.798 5 million tonnes， establishing a robust foundation for industrial development. Garlic serves not only as an essential culinary seasoning， but also finds extensive applications across pharmaceutical， healthcare， and food processing sectors. Despite its substantial industrial scale， economic returns remain concentrated in raw material supply and primary processing stages. The development of deep-processing technologies and value-added products lags significantly， creating a "high quantity， low value-added" paradox within the industrial chain. This paper systematically analyzed garlic's economic value， varietal distribution， spatial cultivation patterns， and industrialization status， identifying key challenges in industrial upgrading. It proposed strategic pathways for enhancing product value addition and promoting cross-chain integration. Through constructing a deep-processing and industrial integration model， this research provided both theoretical guidance and practical strategies for sustainable development of China's garlic industry， ultimately aiming to drive industrial upgrading and strengthen global market competitiveness.

Key words: garlic, value, variety, distribution, industrialization

中图分类号:

Q949.9

王子天, 范硕, 林榕姗, 谢亚铭, 魏海雷, 高淼, 林敏. 我国大蒜产业发展现状与展望[J]. 生物技术进展, 2025, 15(2): 179-188.

Zitian WANG, Shuo FAN, Rongshan LIN, Yaming XIE, Hailei WEI, Miao GAO, Min LIN. Current Situation and Prospect of Garlic Industry Development in China[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2025, 15(2): 179-188.

图/表 7

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产地	产量/万t	种植面积/万hm²	单产/（kg·hm^-2）
中国	2079.85	84.56	245 961.4
印度	326.60	40.86	7 993.1
孟加拉国	54.89	7.17	7 655.5
埃及	49.04	2.04	23 996.7
韩国	31.82	2.47	12 883.4
乌兹别克斯坦	22.60	0.73	30 867.7
阿尔及利亚	21.23	1.13	18 710.2
缅甸	20.72	0.75	7 490.7
西班牙	19.43	2.56	7 579.6
埃塞俄比亚	19.06	2.37	8 040.6

产地	产量/万t	种植面积/万hm²	单产/（kg·hm^-2）
中国	2079.85	84.56	245 961.4
印度	326.60	40.86	7 993.1
孟加拉国	54.89	7.17	7 655.5
埃及	49.04	2.04	23 996.7
韩国	31.82	2.47	12 883.4
乌兹别克斯坦	22.60	0.73	30 867.7
阿尔及利亚	21.23	1.13	18 710.2
缅甸	20.72	0.75	7 490.7
西班牙	19.43	2.56	7 579.6
埃塞俄比亚	19.06	2.37	8 040.6

大蒜品种	来源地	大蒜品种	来源地	大蒜品种	来源地	大蒜品种	来源地
六枝毛坡大蒜	贵州	太仓白蒜	江苏	湟源青蒜苗	青海	黑水大蒜	四川
兴义红皮大蒜	贵州	邳州白蒜	江苏	安丘两河大蒜	山东	新都大蒜	四川
涿鹿紫皮大蒜	河北	临湖大蒜	江西	苍山大蒜	山东	宝坻大蒜	天津
徽县紫皮大蒜	甘肃	上高紫皮大蒜	江西	嘉祥红皮大蒜	山东	昭苏大蒜	新疆
临颍大蒜	河南	耿庄大蒜	辽宁	金乡大蒜	山东	吉木萨尔白皮大蒜	新疆
三乡大蒜	河南	海岱蒜	内蒙古	商河大蒜	山东	大理独头大蒜	云南
杞县大蒜	河南	溪柳紫皮蒜	内蒙古	北董大蒜	山西	阿城大蒜	黑龙江
七星台蒜薹	湖北	仁兆蒜薹	青岛	长凝大蒜	山西
叶路大蒜	湖北	湍湾紫蒜	青岛	原平紫皮大蒜	山西
裕华大蒜	江苏	乐都柴皮大蒜	青海	兴平大蒜	陕西

大蒜品种	来源地	大蒜品种	来源地	大蒜品种	来源地	大蒜品种	来源地
六枝毛坡大蒜	贵州	太仓白蒜	江苏	湟源青蒜苗	青海	黑水大蒜	四川
兴义红皮大蒜	贵州	邳州白蒜	江苏	安丘两河大蒜	山东	新都大蒜	四川
涿鹿紫皮大蒜	河北	临湖大蒜	江西	苍山大蒜	山东	宝坻大蒜	天津
徽县紫皮大蒜	甘肃	上高紫皮大蒜	江西	嘉祥红皮大蒜	山东	昭苏大蒜	新疆
临颍大蒜	河南	耿庄大蒜	辽宁	金乡大蒜	山东	吉木萨尔白皮大蒜	新疆
三乡大蒜	河南	海岱蒜	内蒙古	商河大蒜	山东	大理独头大蒜	云南
杞县大蒜	河南	溪柳紫皮蒜	内蒙古	北董大蒜	山西	阿城大蒜	黑龙江
七星台蒜薹	湖北	仁兆蒜薹	青岛	长凝大蒜	山西
叶路大蒜	湖北	湍湾紫蒜	青岛	原平紫皮大蒜	山西
裕华大蒜	江苏	乐都柴皮大蒜	青海	兴平大蒜	陕西

出口大蒜种类	出口量/万t	出口金额/亿美元	平均单价/（美元·t^-1）
保鲜大蒜	201.40	17.50	869.80
醋腌大蒜	0.74	0.15	2 080.30
干燥大蒜	21.90	6.00	2 720.20
冷冻大蒜	0.05	0.01	2 807.60
盐水大蒜	0.98	0.15	1 578.30

我国大蒜产业发展现状与展望

Current Situation and Prospect of Garlic Industry Development in China

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