农业生物防治技术的现状及改进策略

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2024.0104

生物技术进展 ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (5): 697-711.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2024.0104

• 进展评述 •

农业生物防治技术的现状及改进策略

吴焕振¹(), 杨野¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 崔秀明¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 刘源¹^,²^,³^,⁴()

^1.昆明理工大学生命科学与技术学院，昆明 650500
^2.云南省三七重点实验室，昆明 650500
^3.国家中医药管理局三七资源可持续开发利用重点实验室，昆明 650500
^4.昆明市名药可持续开发利用重点实验室，昆明 650500

收稿日期:2024-05-22 接受日期:2024-08-01 出版日期:2024-09-25 发布日期:2024-10-22
通讯作者: 刘源
作者简介:吴焕振 E-mail:whz1632024@163.com；
基金资助:
云南省重大科技专项计划(202202AG050021)

The Current Status and Improvement Strategies of Agricultural Biological Control Technology

Huanzhen WU¹(), Ye YANG¹^,²^,³^,⁴, Xiuming CUI¹^,²^,³^,⁴, Yuan LIU¹^,²^,³^,⁴()

^1.College of Life Science and Technology，Kunming University of Science and Technology，Kunming 650500，China
^2.Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng，Kunming 650500，China
^3.Key Laboratory of P. notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine，Kunming 650500，China
^4.Kunming Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Famous-region Drug，Kunming 650500，China

Received:2024-05-22 Accepted:2024-08-01 Online:2024-09-25 Published:2024-10-22
Contact: Yuan LIU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在全球人口增长和耕地减少的双重压力下，农业的可持续发展迫在眉睫。生物防治通过利用天敌、微生物等有益生物抑制害虫和病原体，展现出巨大的潜力，是现代农业病虫害防治的有效途径。概述了生物防治在农业可持续发展中的重要性及其在保护生物多样性和环境中的积极作用，详述了害虫天敌的应用、有益微生物防治植物病害、拮抗菌筛选技术的发展，以及组学技术和纳米技术的应用。最后，提出若干改进策略，旨在为生物防治相关研究和实际应用提供有价值的参考和指导，从而提高对生物防治技术的认识和应用，促进农业可持续发展。

关键词: 生物防治, 农业可持续发展, 防治方法, 动物, 微生物

Abstract:

Under the dual pressures of global population growth and arable land decreasing， the sustainable development of agriculture is urgent. Biological control， by utilizing natural enemies， beneficial microorganisms， and other beneficial organisms to suppress pests and pathogens， demonstrates great potential and it is an effective approach in modern agricultural pest and disease management. This article outlined the importance of biological control in sustainable agriculture and its positive role in protecting biodiversity and the environment. It detailed the application of pest natural enemies， the use of beneficial microorganisms to control plant diseases， the development of antagonist bacteria screening techniques， and the application of omics and nanotechnology. Finally， several improvement strategies were proposed， aimed at providing valuable references and guidance for the research and practical application of biological control， thereby enhanced the understanding and application of biological control technologies and promoted the development of sustainable agriculture.

Key words: biological control, sustainable development of agriculture, control methods, animals, microorganisms

中图分类号:

S476

吴焕振, 杨野, 崔秀明, 刘源. 农业生物防治技术的现状及改进策略[J]. 生物技术进展, 2024, 14(5): 697-711.

Huanzhen WU, Ye YANG, Xiuming CUI, Yuan LIU. The Current Status and Improvement Strategies of Agricultural Biological Control Technology[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2024, 14(5): 697-711.

图/表 3

图1 天敌、替代生物和非作物植物对生物防治和农业生产的影响A：多样性的天敌在特征互补的情况下能发挥更好的生物防治效果，而天敌之间的捕食和竞争会降低平均捕食率；B：替代猎物/宿主直接作用于害虫天敌（虚线）且为次要目标时可以加快天敌的繁殖，提高其捕食害虫的能力，在作为主要目标的情况下会导致其对害虫的捕食率下降，若替代生物被高级捕食者优先捕食（红色虚线），也可以起到保护害虫天敌的作用；C：非作物植物可以提供额外食物和栖息地提高天敌的种群数量和生存能力，而与作物竞争养分和生存空间的植物会导致作物产量的降低。部分素材来源于www.freepik.com。

Fig. 1 The impact of natural enemies, alternative organisms, and non-crop plants on biological control and agricultural production

图2 化学农药与BCA比较

Fig. 2 Comparison between chemical pesticides and BCA

图3 MBCA发挥生物防治作用的方式A：微生物防治剂形成生物膜阻碍病原菌对植物的感染；B：微生物防治剂与病原菌争夺养分；C：微生物防治剂分泌抗菌化合物抑制病原菌；D：微生物拮抗菌的菌丝寄生在病原菌菌丝上汲取其养分，减缓病原菌的生长繁殖；E：微生物拮抗菌产生诱发因子通过ISR途径使植物获得对病原菌的抗性

Fig. 3 The ways in which MBCA exert biological control effects

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农业生物防治技术的现状及改进策略

The Current Status and Improvement Strategies of Agricultural Biological Control Technology

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