关键词: 小麦, 远缘杂交, 遗传多样性, 遗传改良

Abstract: Wheat is one of the most important crops in worldwide, and its production area is the largest in cereal crops. However, the genetic diversity is decreasing because of the long-term directional selection. Therefore, it is difficult to select excellent varieties through interspecific hybridization. Fortunately, many favorable genes exist in wheat related species, such as Secale, Haynaldia, Elytrigia, etc., which have good complementarity with wheat genome. Distant hybridization, therefore, plays an important role in wheat breeding and production in the world. Research progress about diversities, utilization, and problems  of wild relatives of wheat were introduced in this paper. Furthermore, to provide some important information for wheat breeding and genetic research, we discussed the effect and development direction of wild relatives in common wheat improvement.

Key words: wheat, distant hybridization, genetic diversity, genetic improvement