小麦DON毒素研究进展

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2021.0112

生物技术进展 ›› 2021, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (5): 634-641.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2021.0112

小麦DON毒素研究进展

阮双(), 司红起()

安徽农业大学农学院，合肥 230036

收稿日期:2021-06-16 接受日期:2021-07-27 出版日期:2021-09-25 发布日期:2021-10-08
通讯作者: 司红起
作者简介:阮双 E-mail: r18683258923@163.com；
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划专项(2017YFD0100804)

Research Progress on DON Toxin in Wheat

Shuang RUAN(), Hongqi SI()

College of Agronomy，Anhui Agricultural University，Hefei 230036，China

Received:2021-06-16 Accepted:2021-07-27 Online:2021-09-25 Published:2021-10-08
Contact: Hongqi SI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来，由于全球气候急剧变化以及栽培、耕作制度的转变，导致禾谷镰刀菌引起的赤霉病频繁发生，不仅使小麦大面积减产，严重影响其品质，也造成经济上的重大损失。受赤霉菌侵染的小麦会在籽粒中产生脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（deoxynivalenol, DON）毒素，该毒素广泛污染小麦及其制品、粮油食品和饲料等，是世界上污染面积最大、污染量最高，对小麦危害最严重的真菌毒素之一。DON可以产生广泛的毒性效应，具有很强的细胞毒性，有明显胚胎毒性和一定致畸作用，严重威胁食品安全、人和动物健康。因此，对DON毒素调控机理及防控的研究已成为当前高度关注的热点问题之一。通过综述DON的理化性质、毒性机理、污染特征、分布规律、检测方法以及小麦抗DON毒素积累机制等方面的进展，以期为小麦抗DON毒素育种提供参考依据。

关键词: DON毒素, 小麦, 抗性, QTL

Abstract:

In recent years， due to the rapid change of global climate and the transformation of cultivation and tillage system， Scab caused by Fusarium graminearum occurred in a large area， which not only reduces the output of wheat， and seriously affects its quality， but also causes significant economic losses. Wheat infected by gibberella can produce deoxynivalenol （DON） toxin in the grain， which extensively pollute wheat and its products， grains， oils， food and feed， etc. And it is one of the most serious mycotoxins in the world with the largest pollution area and the highest pollution amount. DON can produce a wide range of toxic effects， with strong cytotoxicity， obvious embryo toxicity and certain teratogenicity. Also it seriously threaten food safety， human and animal health. Therefore， the research on the regulation mechanism and prevention and control of DON toxin has become one of the hot issues. In this paper， in order to provide reference on the DON resistance breeding， the advances in the physicochemical properties， toxicity mechanism， distribution of DON and the accumulation mechanism of DON toxin in wheat were reviewed.

Key words: deoxynivalenol, wheat, resistance, QTL

中图分类号:

S512

阮双, 司红起. 小麦DON毒素研究进展[J]. 生物技术进展, 2021, 11(5): 634-641.

Shuang RUAN, Hongqi SI. Research Progress on DON Toxin in Wheat[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2021, 11(5): 634-641.

图/表 4

参考文献 64

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物种	DON代谢物
植物	3‑O‑葡萄糖苷呕吐毒素（DON‑3G）
动物	3‑葡萄糖苷-呕吐毒素（DON‑3GA）、15‑葡萄糖苷-呕吐毒素（DON‑15GA）
真菌	3‑乙酰基呕吐毒素（3Ac‑DON）、15‑乙酰基呕吐毒素（15Ac‑DON）
细菌	脱环氧基-呕吐毒素（DOM‑1）

物种	DON代谢物
植物	3‑O‑葡萄糖苷呕吐毒素（DON‑3G）
动物	3‑葡萄糖苷-呕吐毒素（DON‑3GA）、15‑葡萄糖苷-呕吐毒素（DON‑15GA）
真菌	3‑乙酰基呕吐毒素（3Ac‑DON）、15‑乙酰基呕吐毒素（15Ac‑DON）
细菌	脱环氧基-呕吐毒素（DOM‑1）

国家/地区/组织	食品类别	限量标准/（μg·kg^-1）
中国	未加工硬粒小麦和燕麦	1 750
	小麦及其制品、麦片、小麦粉	1 000
	面粉、干麦麸	750
	面包、糕点、早餐麦片	500
美国	小麦及小麦制品	4 000
美国	面粉、麸皮、胚芽	1 000
加拿大	未清洗的软质小麦	2 000
日本	小麦及其制品	1 100
欧盟	未加工硬质小麦、燕麦	1 750
	面包、糕点、饼干	500
	婴儿谷物食品	200
国际食品法典委员会（Codex Alimentarius Commission,CAC）	小麦、大麦	2 000
	面粉、粗粉、麦片	1 000
	婴儿谷物食品	200

国家/地区/组织	食品类别	限量标准/（μg·kg^-1）
中国	未加工硬粒小麦和燕麦	1 750
	小麦及其制品、麦片、小麦粉	1 000
	面粉、干麦麸	750
	面包、糕点、早餐麦片	500
美国	小麦及小麦制品	4 000
美国	面粉、麸皮、胚芽	1 000
加拿大	未清洗的软质小麦	2 000
日本	小麦及其制品	1 100
欧盟	未加工硬质小麦、燕麦	1 750
	面包、糕点、饼干	500
	婴儿谷物食品	200
国际食品法典委员会（Codex Alimentarius Commission,CAC）	小麦、大麦	2 000
	面粉、粗粉、麦片	1 000
	婴儿谷物食品	200

常用DON毒素检测方法	英文简称	特点
同位素稀释液相色谱-串联质谱法	ID‑LC/MS/MS	操作简便、快速，具有很高的准确度和灵敏度
免疫亲和层析净化高效液相色谱法	IAC‑HPLC	灵敏度高、重复性好、专属性高，但耗时长、成本高
薄层色谱测定法	TLC	操作简单、高效、灵敏、快速分离
酶联免疫吸附测定法	ELISA	操作便捷、快速检测、试用性较强,结果较准确

小麦DON毒素研究进展

Research Progress on DON Toxin in Wheat

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亲本材料	群体	DON积累抗性位点（QTL）	最大表型变异率
Nanda2419‑Wangshuibai	RIL	2A、3B、4B、5A、6B、6D、7A、7D	23.4%^[45]
Arina‑NK93604	DH	1A、1B、2A、6B、7A	27.9%^[46]
Wang shui bai‑Wheaton	RIL	1A、1B、3A、3B、4B、5A、5D、7A	33.9%^[47]
Wang shui bai‑Annong8455	RIL	2A、3B、5A	—^[48]
Ernie‑Mo94‑317	RIL	2B、3B、4B、5A	14%^[49]
VAOOW‑38 × Pioneer 26R46	RIL	2A、5B	13.4%^[50]
NC‑Neuse‑AGS 2000	RIL	1A、1B、1D、2A、4A、5B	18.2%^[51]
IL94‑1653‑Patton	RIL	2B	4.2%^[52]
Arina‑Riband	DH	4D、6B、7D	11.7%^[53]
Sumai 3‑Gamenya	DH	2D	25%^[54]

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