水稻株型的遗传基础与分子调控机理研究进展

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2024.0011

生物技术进展 ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (3): 349-359.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2024.0011

• 进展评述 • 上一篇

水稻株型的遗传基础与分子调控机理研究进展

杨得正¹^,²(), 付惠仙³, 肖素勤², 雷凌云¹^,², 李天时³, 程在全², 刘丽²()

^1.云南大学农学院，昆明 650504
^2.云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所，昆明 650205
^3.会泽县农业技术推广中心，云南会泽 654200

收稿日期:2024-01-18 接受日期:2024-03-21 出版日期:2024-05-25 发布日期:2024-06-18
通讯作者: 刘丽
作者简介:杨得正 E-mail: 17861510360@163.com；
基金资助:
云南省农业联合专项-重点项目(202301BD070001-149);云南省种子种业联合实验室项目(202205AR070001-01);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(202207AB110012);杨庆文专家工作站项目(202305AF150161)

Research Progress on Genetic Basis and Molecular Regulation Mechanism of Rice Plant Architecture

Dezheng YANG¹^,²(), Huixian FU³, Suqin XIAO², Lingyun LEI¹^,², Tianshi LI³, Zaiquan CHENG², Li LIU²()

^1.School of Agriculture，Yunnan University，Kunming 650504，China
^2.Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute，Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Kunming 650205，China
^3.Agro-technical Extension and Service Center of Huize County，Yunnan Huize 654200，China

Received:2024-01-18 Accepted:2024-03-21 Online:2024-05-25 Published:2024-06-18
Contact: Li LIU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高产是水稻育种的主要目标之一，而水稻株型对水稻产量具有决定性作用。从基因层面上解析水稻株型的形成机理是利用分子育种技术培育理想株型的前提和条件。从理想株型的概念、叶片形态和穗部性状、水稻株型的重要激素调控机制、株型相关基因的克隆与功能研究等方面总结了水稻理想株型的研究进展，分析了现有研究存在的问题，并提出未来水稻株型的研究方向，以期为通过株型改良提高水稻产量及培育超高产水稻品种提供参考。

关键词: 水稻, 株型, 激素调控, 遗传基础, 分子调控

Abstract:

High yield is a primary objective in rice breeding， with the rice plant type playing a crucial role in determining yield. Understanding the genetic basis of rice plant type is essential for utilizing molecular breeding techniques to develop ideal plant types. This article summarized the research progress of ideal rice plant type from the concept of ideal plant type， leaf morphology and panicle traits， important hormone regulation mechanisms of rice plant type， cloning and functional research of genes related to plant type， analyzed the existing research challenges， and suggested future research directions in this area， in order to provide reference for enhancing rice yield through plant type enhancement and the development of high-yielding rice varieties.

Key words: Oryza sativa L., plant architecture, hormone regulation, genetic base, molecular regulation

中图分类号:

杨得正, 付惠仙, 肖素勤, 雷凌云, 李天时, 程在全, 刘丽. 水稻株型的遗传基础与分子调控机理研究进展[J]. 生物技术进展, 2024, 14(3): 349-359.

Dezheng YANG, Huixian FU, Suqin XIAO, Lingyun LEI, Tianshi LI, Zaiquan CHENG, Li LIU. Research Progress on Genetic Basis and Molecular Regulation Mechanism of Rice Plant Architecture[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2024, 14(3): 349-359.

图/表 3

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性状	亲本组合	群体类型	群体大小	QTLs	贡献率	株型性状	参考文献
株高	IR24×Asominori	IAS/IAS	132	8	5.64%~13.87%	株高	[15]
	日本晴×泸恢99	RIL/F₈	188	3	1.08%~3.16%	株高	[16]
	BG1×XLJ	RIL/F₂	269	2	5.75%	株高	[17]
	沈农265×LTH	RIL/F₂	126	4	11.30%~60.40%	株高	[18]
	嘉早17×D50	RIL/F_2:3	225	6	1.76%~15.34%	株高	[19]
	多亲本	MAGIC	440	5	3.39%~90.22%	株高	[20]
	龙稻5号×中优早8号	RIL/F₇	180	7	2.71%~36.98%	株高	[21]
叶片	Z481×日本晴	RIL/F₂	150	12	4.15%~89.81%	剑叶长、宽、长宽比和叶面积	[22]
	汕优63	RIL/F₁₀	241	41	3.19%~26.23%	剑叶、倒二叶、倒三叶	[23]
	两优培九（LYP9）	RIL/F₂	132	43	4.00%~24.00%	剑叶大小	[24]
	日本晴×9311	RIL/F₂	189	42	5.01%~27.04%	剑叶长、叶宽、叶面积	[25]
	广陆矮4号×日本晴	CSSLs	175	20	0.24%~10.90%	叶长、叶宽	[26]
	华占×热研2号	RIL/F₁₂	120	35		叶长、叶宽、叶面积	[27]
	日本晴×H71D	RIL/F₂	310	38	7.17%~52.62%	一次枝梗、二次枝梗、穗长、穗粒数、着粒密度	[28]
	越南传统水稻、Nipponbare, IR64, Azucena	RIL/F₂	159	29	14.00%~20.00%	二次枝梗、穗颖花数	[29]
	Koshihikari×Yamadanishiki	RIL/F₂	190	3	2.90%~55.10%	有效穗、穗粒数	[30]
穗部	龙稻5号×中优早8号	RIL/F₇	180	16	8.53%~38.09%	一次枝梗、二次枝梗、穗颖花数、穗粒数、结实率、着粒密度	[31]
	Maybelle×Baiyeqiu	DH	168	24	3.86%~30.86%	一次枝梗、二次枝梗、穗长	[32]
	Aromatic, Aus, Indica, TEJ, TRJ, Admixtures	RIL/F₂	183	42	3.50%~10.50%	一次枝梗、二次枝梗、花序长度、有效穗	[33]
	日本晴×Z746	CSSSL/F₂	164	16	3.35%~60.28%	二次枝梗	[34]

性状	亲本组合	群体类型	群体大小	QTLs	贡献率	株型性状	参考文献
株高	IR24×Asominori	IAS/IAS	132	8	5.64%~13.87%	株高	[15]
	日本晴×泸恢99	RIL/F₈	188	3	1.08%~3.16%	株高	[16]
	BG1×XLJ	RIL/F₂	269	2	5.75%	株高	[17]
	沈农265×LTH	RIL/F₂	126	4	11.30%~60.40%	株高	[18]
	嘉早17×D50	RIL/F_2:3	225	6	1.76%~15.34%	株高	[19]
	多亲本	MAGIC	440	5	3.39%~90.22%	株高	[20]
	龙稻5号×中优早8号	RIL/F₇	180	7	2.71%~36.98%	株高	[21]
叶片	Z481×日本晴	RIL/F₂	150	12	4.15%~89.81%	剑叶长、宽、长宽比和叶面积	[22]
	汕优63	RIL/F₁₀	241	41	3.19%~26.23%	剑叶、倒二叶、倒三叶	[23]
	两优培九（LYP9）	RIL/F₂	132	43	4.00%~24.00%	剑叶大小	[24]
	日本晴×9311	RIL/F₂	189	42	5.01%~27.04%	剑叶长、叶宽、叶面积	[25]
	广陆矮4号×日本晴	CSSLs	175	20	0.24%~10.90%	叶长、叶宽	[26]
	华占×热研2号	RIL/F₁₂	120	35		叶长、叶宽、叶面积	[27]
	日本晴×H71D	RIL/F₂	310	38	7.17%~52.62%	一次枝梗、二次枝梗、穗长、穗粒数、着粒密度	[28]
	越南传统水稻、Nipponbare, IR64, Azucena	RIL/F₂	159	29	14.00%~20.00%	二次枝梗、穗颖花数	[29]
	Koshihikari×Yamadanishiki	RIL/F₂	190	3	2.90%~55.10%	有效穗、穗粒数	[30]
穗部	龙稻5号×中优早8号	RIL/F₇	180	16	8.53%~38.09%	一次枝梗、二次枝梗、穗颖花数、穗粒数、结实率、着粒密度	[31]
	Maybelle×Baiyeqiu	DH	168	24	3.86%~30.86%	一次枝梗、二次枝梗、穗长	[32]
	Aromatic, Aus, Indica, TEJ, TRJ, Admixtures	RIL/F₂	183	42	3.50%~10.50%	一次枝梗、二次枝梗、花序长度、有效穗	[33]
	日本晴×Z746	CSSSL/F₂	164	16	3.35%~60.28%	二次枝梗	[34]

性状	基因	基因效应	参考文献
株高	TUD1	调控株高、粒型	[74]
	NAL1	调节株高、穗长、分蘖	[17]
	NAL11	调控株高与分蘖、茎变粗、穗变大	[75]
	GS6.1	控制株高	[16]
叶片	ILA1	控制叶夹角	[76]
叶片	WL1	调控叶宽	[15]
穗部	RFL	调控枝梗数与穗粒数	[41]
	TAW1	调控枝梗分生组织，影响枝梗数与穗粒数	[46]
	RPAD	调控分蘖、穗粒数	[13]
	TAC1、TIG1	调控分蘖角	[14]
	SP3	调控枝梗数、穗粒数	[47]
	MFS4	正调控小穗花分生组织的分化	[42]

性状	基因	基因效应	参考文献
株高	TUD1	调控株高、粒型	[74]
	NAL1	调节株高、穗长、分蘖	[17]
	NAL11	调控株高与分蘖、茎变粗、穗变大	[75]
	GS6.1	控制株高	[16]
叶片	ILA1	控制叶夹角	[76]
叶片	WL1	调控叶宽	[15]
穗部	RFL	调控枝梗数与穗粒数	[41]
	TAW1	调控枝梗分生组织，影响枝梗数与穗粒数	[46]
	RPAD	调控分蘖、穗粒数	[13]
	TAC1、TIG1	调控分蘖角	[14]
	SP3	调控枝梗数、穗粒数	[47]
	MFS4	正调控小穗花分生组织的分化	[42]

基因名称	编辑后结果	编辑方式	参考文献
Sd8	降低水稻品种株高，减小叶夹角植株更加直立，且单株产量没有受到影响	Cas9	[80]
IPA1	穗重和穗数同时增加、株高变高、茎秆和根系粗壮	Cas9	[81]
Gn1a、CKX4、CKX11、CKX9	水稻的株高、穗长、粒大小和每穗粒数增加	Cas12	[82]
GW5、TGW6	粒重增加	Cas9	[83]
CKX5、CKX7	粒型变圆、饱满	Cas12	[82]
PIN5b	穗长增长	Cas9	[84]
FWL4	有效分蘖变多、产量增加	Cas9	[85]
CAO1	水稻品种株高增加	Cas12	[86]
SD1/GA20ox2	株高增加	Cas9	[87]

水稻株型的遗传基础与分子调控机理研究进展

Research Progress on Genetic Basis and Molecular Regulation Mechanism of Rice Plant Architecture

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