关键词: 抗生素, 神经毒性, 神经发育, 神经系统

Abstract:

The discovery and use of antibiotics was one of the most outstanding achievements in medical field in the 20th century. The use of antibiotics has recently risen to prominence in neuroscience due to their potential value in studying the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Clinical and experimental data has demonstrated that broad classes of antibiotics are neuroactive or neurotoxic. They can cause side effects such as headache， anxiety and depression， psychosis， psychosis， mania and seizures. Exposure to antibiotics during pregnancy has also been associated with an increased probability of psychiatric disorders in offspring， such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorders. Antibiotics mediate the onset of neurotoxicity through various mechanisms， including oxidative stress and excitatory/inhibitory dysregulation. Therefore， understanding the potential neurotoxicity of various antibiotics is essential to identify potentially severe complications of antibiotic therapy， especially with the advent of novel antimicrobial drugs. The main aim of this study was to review the neurological adverse events that may follow antibiotic administration and its mechanisms， which was expected to inform clinical antibiotic dosing choices.

Key words: antibiotics, neurotoxicity, neurodevelopment, nervous system