3个玉米黄叶突变体的光合特性研究

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2021.0097

生物技术进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (1): 75-82.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2021.0097

3个玉米黄叶突变体的光合特性研究

袁钰涵¹(), 樊佳丽², 杨文竹¹, 陈茹梅¹()

^1.中国农业科学院生物技术研究所，北京 100081
^2.集宁师范学院生命科学与技术学院，内蒙古乌兰察布 012000

收稿日期:2021-05-31 接受日期:2021-06-28 出版日期:2022-01-25 发布日期:2022-01-26
通讯作者: 陈茹梅
作者简介:袁钰涵 E-mail：yyh522136085@163.com；
基金资助:
农业农村部转基因专项重大课题(2016ZX08003-002)

Photosynthetic Characteristics Studies of Three Maize Yellow Leaf Mutants

Yuhan YUAN¹(), Jiali FAN², Wenzhu YANG¹, Rumei CHEN¹()

^1.Biotechnology Research Institute，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Beijing 100081，China
^2.Scoool of Science and Technology，Jining Normal University，Inner Mongolia Ulanqab 012000，China

Received:2021-05-31 Accepted:2021-06-28 Online:2022-01-25 Published:2022-01-26
Contact: Rumei CHEN

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在农业生产中光合作用是作物积累生物量的主要方式，其主要依赖于多种光合色素和完整的叶绿体结构与功能。而玉米叶色突变体对于研究叶绿体发育、提高玉米光合作用能力和产量具有重要意义。以两个玉米自交系郑58（Z58）和B73为对照，对从甲基磺酸乙酯（ethyl methanesulphonate，EMS）处理后的不同玉米诱变群体中筛选到的2株黄叶突变体yl?1（yellow leaf?1，Z58背景）、yl?2（yellow leaf?2，B73背景）以及从玉米自交系Z58中发现的1株自然黄叶突变体yl?3（yellow leaf?3）等3个表型相似的玉米黄叶突变体的形态特征、光合色素含量、叶绿素合成前体物质含量进行了比较研究。结果表明，与对照相比，3个突变体在整个生长周期内均呈现不同程度的黄叶表型、不复绿、植株矮小、发育迟缓；叶片总叶绿素、叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量均显著降低（P<0.05），叶绿素a/叶绿素b比值显著升高（P<0.05）；不同突变体的各类叶绿素合成前体物质含量有不同程度的降低。3个突变体的黄叶表型可能是由不同基因的突变导致相关四吡咯化合物合成异常引起的。研究结果为定位引起3个突变体黄叶表型的突变基因和进一步探讨其利用潜力奠定了理论基础。

关键词: 玉米, 叶色突变体, 光合作用, 叶绿素合成

Abstract:

Photosynthesis serves as the main way for crops to accumulate biomass in agricultural production， which primarily depends on a variety of photosynthetic pigments as well as complete chloroplast structure and function. Maize leaf color mutants are crucial to study the development of chloroplasts and improve photosynthesis capacity and maize yield. In this study， two maize inbred lines Z58 and B73 were used as control in order to compare the difference between morphological characteristics， photosynthetic pigment content and chlorophyll synthesis precursor content among three maize yellow leaf mutants yl?1 （yellow leaf?1， Z58 background）， yl?2 （yellow leaf?2， B73 background） mutated by ethyl methanesulphonate （EMS） and a natural yellow?leaf mutant yl?3 screened from Z58. The results showed that the three mutants exhibited different levels of yellowing phenotype throughout their growth cycle and no greening， dwarf plants， and delayed growth compared to the control. Total chlorophyll， chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， while the ratio of chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b was significantly increased （P<0.05）. The content of various precursors for chlorophyll synthesis among the different mutants all decreased. The yellow leaf phenotypes of the three mutants may be caused by the abnormal synthesis of related tetrapyrrole compounds due to mutations in different genes. This study laid a theoretical foundation for locating the mutant genes that cause the yellow leaf phenotype of the three mutants and further exploring their utilization potential.

Key words: maize, leaf color mutant, photosynthesis, chlorophyll synthesis

中图分类号:

S513

袁钰涵, 樊佳丽, 杨文竹, 陈茹梅. 3个玉米黄叶突变体的光合特性研究[J]. 生物技术进展, 2022, 12(1): 75-82.

Yuhan YUAN, Jiali FAN, Wenzhu YANG, Rumei CHEN. Photosynthetic Characteristics Studies of Three Maize Yellow Leaf Mutants[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2022, 12(1): 75-82.

图/表 5

图1 3个玉米黄叶突变体的表型特征A~C：yl?1、yl?2、yl?3和对应野生型植株苗期的表型；D~F：yl?1、yl?2、yl?3和对应野生型植株成熟期的表型

Fig. 1 Phenotypic characteristics of three maize yellow leaf mutants

表1 3个玉米黄叶突变体叶片的光合色素含量及相对比值情况

Table 1 Determination and relative ratio of photosynthetic pigment content in leaves of three maize yellow leaf mutants

株系	叶绿素a/（mg·g^-1 FW）	叶绿素b/（mg·g^-1 FW）	类胡萝卜素/（μg·g^-1 FW）	总叶绿素/（μg·g^-1 FW）	叶绿素a/叶绿素b	类胡萝卜素/总叶绿素
yl‑1	515.38±43.19b	73.79±19.74b	169.84±17.94b	589.17±19.23b	7.25±1.18a	0.288 5±0.016c
yl‑2	114.66±49.88c	20.31±10.40b	180.74±38.17ab	209.77±31.58c	5.94±0.76b	0.988 1±0.390b
yl‑3	147.60±36.28c	34.13±12.10b	168.55±49.80b	134.97±20.07c	4.47±0.49c	1.749 4±1.098a
Z58	938.02±34.50a	818.31±340.78a	218.70±13.44a	1 756.33±103.61a	1.35±0.58d	0.128 3±0.024c
B73	935.18±49.90a	630.83±272.99a	175.87±21.22b	1 566.00±100.05a	1.84±0.96d	0.118 0±0.034c

图2 叶绿素合成前体物质的测定注：同一图中不同小写字母表示组间差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。

Fig. 2 Determination of precursor substances for chlorophyll synthesis

图3 3个黄叶突变体表型与生理特征间的联系

Fig. 3 The relationship between the phenotype and physiological characteristics of three yellow leaf mutants

图4 叶绿素合成前体物质的含量分析注：黄色方框—叶绿素合成途径中各前体物质，标红的为3个突变体变化差异较大的物质；白色圆框—叶绿素合成途径中的各种催化酶；红色箭头—各突变体较对应野生型植株各物质含量下降幅度。Heme—血红素；Siroheme—西罗血红素；PФB—光敏色素生色团；Glu—谷氨酸；GluRS—谷氨酰?tRNA合成酶；L?Glu?tRNA—L?谷氨酰?tRNA；Uroporphyrinogen Ⅲ—尿卟啉原Ⅲ；Protoporphyrinogen Ⅸ—原卟啉原Ⅸ；Protoporphyrin Ⅸ—原卟啉Ⅸ；Mg?protoporphyrin Ⅸ—Mg?原卟啉Ⅸ；Protochlorophyllide—原叶绿素酸酯；Chlorophyllide a—叶绿素酸酯a；Chlorophyllide b—叶绿素酸酯b；Cytosol—细胞质；Mitochondria—线粒体；ER—内质网。

Fig.4 Analysis of the content of precursor substances for chlorophyll synthesis

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3个玉米黄叶突变体的光合特性研究

Photosynthetic Characteristics Studies of Three Maize Yellow Leaf Mutants

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