组蛋白甲基转移酶ASH2的研究进展

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2021.0132

生物技术进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (1): 27-35.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2021.0132

组蛋白甲基转移酶ASH2的研究进展

王婉洁(), 陈南珠, 郝海生, 赵学明, 朱化彬, 杜卫华()

中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所，家畜胚胎工程与繁殖创新团队，北京 100193

收稿日期:2021-07-13 接受日期:2021-10-08 出版日期:2022-01-25 发布日期:2022-01-26
通讯作者: 杜卫华
作者简介:王婉洁E-mail：wangwanjie101@163.com；
基金资助:
中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(ASTIP-IAS06)

Research Progress of Histone Methyltransferases ASH2

Wanjie WANG(), Nanzhu CHEN, Haisheng HAO, Xueming ZHAO, Huabin ZHU, Weihua DU()

Embryo Biotechnologies and Reproduction in Domestic Animals，Institute of Animal Science，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Beijing 100193，China

Received:2021-07-13 Accepted:2021-10-08 Online:2022-01-25 Published:2022-01-26
Contact: Weihua DU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

表观遗传修饰通过改变染色质空间构象和基因表达调控胚胎发育、细胞分化、器官发生和癌症形成，其调控形式包括组蛋白甲基化、组蛋白乙酰化、DNA甲基化、基因印迹和X染色体失活等。缺失的、小的、同源异形2（absent, small, homologous 2，ASH2）是组蛋白赖氨酸甲基转移酶复合物的核心成分，其属于三胸腔结构蛋白家族；在哺乳动物中ASH2可特异性甲基化H3K4，激活基因转录。在介绍组蛋白甲基化和三胸腔结构蛋白的基础上，综述了ASH2甲基酶对基因转录、HOX基因表达、癌症发生发展和细胞分化的调控功能，以期为其在动物繁育和人类疾病治疗中的应用提供思路。

关键词: 组蛋白甲基转移酶, ASH2, 表观遗传调控

Abstract:

Epigenetic modification regulates embryo development， cell differentiation， organogenesis and cancer formation via altering chromatin spatial conformation and gene expression. This regulation involves histone methylation， histone acetylation， DNA methylation， gene imprinting， and X chromosome inactivation， etc. Absent， small， homologous 2 （ASH2） is the core component of histone lysine methyltransferase and belongs to the trithorax group. In mammals， ASH2 methylates specifically H3K4 and activates gene transcription. Based on the brief introduction of histone methylation and the trithorax group proteins， this paper reviewed the functions of ASH2 in regulating gene transcription， HOX gene expression， cancer formation and cell differentiation， in order to provide ideas for its application in animal breeding and human disease treatment.

Key words: histone methyltransferase, ASH2, epigenetic regulation

中图分类号:

王婉洁, 陈南珠, 郝海生, 赵学明, 朱化彬, 杜卫华. 组蛋白甲基转移酶ASH2的研究进展[J]. 生物技术进展, 2022, 12(1): 27-35.

Wanjie WANG, Nanzhu CHEN, Haisheng HAO, Xueming ZHAO, Huabin ZHU, Weihua DU. Research Progress of Histone Methyltransferases ASH2[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2022, 12(1): 27-35.

图/表 3

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亚基	复合物	哺乳动物同源物	分子功能
PC	PRC1	CBX2、CBX4、CBX6、CBX7、CBX8	通过染色质结构域与H2K27me3结合
PSC	PRC1	BMI1（PCGF4）、MEL18（PCGF2）	含锌指结构域蛋白，与DNA和致密染色质结合
PH	PRC1	PHC1（EDR1）、PHC2（EDR2）、PHC3（EDR3）	具有锌指结构域，促进蛋白自聚集
SCE（DRING1）	PRC1	RING1A、RING1B	E3泛素连接酶，单双酯化H2AK118（哺乳动物中的K119）
E（Z）	PRC2	EZH1、EZH2	通过SET结构域甲基化H3K27
SU（Z）12	PRC2	SUZ12	通过VEFS‑box结构域增强E（Z）活性
ESC	PRC2	EED	通过WD重复序列促进蛋白间相互作用，通过结合H3K27me3增强抑制作用
P55（NURF55、CAF1）	PRC2	RBAP46、RBAP48	与SU（Z）12和组蛋白相互作用
PHO	PHORC	YY1	通过锌指结构特异性地结合DNA序列
SFMBT	PHORC	—	结合甲基化的H3和H4赖氨酸

亚基	复合物	哺乳动物同源物	分子功能
PC	PRC1	CBX2、CBX4、CBX6、CBX7、CBX8	通过染色质结构域与H2K27me3结合
PSC	PRC1	BMI1（PCGF4）、MEL18（PCGF2）	含锌指结构域蛋白，与DNA和致密染色质结合
PH	PRC1	PHC1（EDR1）、PHC2（EDR2）、PHC3（EDR3）	具有锌指结构域，促进蛋白自聚集
SCE（DRING1）	PRC1	RING1A、RING1B	E3泛素连接酶，单双酯化H2AK118（哺乳动物中的K119）
E（Z）	PRC2	EZH1、EZH2	通过SET结构域甲基化H3K27
SU（Z）12	PRC2	SUZ12	通过VEFS‑box结构域增强E（Z）活性
ESC	PRC2	EED	通过WD重复序列促进蛋白间相互作用，通过结合H3K27me3增强抑制作用
P55（NURF55、CAF1）	PRC2	RBAP46、RBAP48	与SU（Z）12和组蛋白相互作用
PHO	PHORC	YY1	通过锌指结构特异性地结合DNA序列
SFMBT	PHORC	—	结合甲基化的H3和H4赖氨酸

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组蛋白甲基转移酶ASH2的研究进展

Research Progress of Histone Methyltransferases ASH2

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