新疆克孜勒苏柯尔克孜地区帕米尔牦牛mtDNA COⅠ 的遗传多样性分析

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2021.0197

生物技术进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (4): 568-576.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2021.0197

新疆克孜勒苏柯尔克孜地区帕米尔牦牛mtDNA COⅠ 的遗传多样性分析

高勤学¹^,²(), 杨文科²^,³, 蒙永刚², 牙生江·纳斯尔², 买买提吐尔干·库瓦西²

^1.江苏农牧科技职业学院动物科技学院，江苏泰州 225300
^2.克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州畜牧兽医局，新疆阿图什 845350
^3.克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州畜禽繁育改良站，新疆阿图什 845350

收稿日期:2021-12-20 接受日期:2022-02-15 出版日期:2022-07-25 发布日期:2022-08-10
作者简介:高勤学E-mail: gqx@jsahvc.edu.cn
基金资助:
江苏农牧科技职业学院凤凰人才计划资助项目(2013XWD-S071007)

Genetic Diversity of Xinjiang Kizilsu Kirghiz Region Pamir Yaks Based on Mitochondrial COⅠ Gene

Qinxue GAO¹^,²(), Wenke YANG²^,³, Yonggang MENG², Nashier YASHENGJIANG², Kuwaxi MAIMAITITUERGAN²

^1.College of Animal Science and Technology，Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College，Jiangsu Taizhou 225300，China
^2.Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture，Xinjiang Atush 845350，China
^3.Livestock Improvement Station of Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture，Xinjiang Atushi 845350，China

Received:2021-12-20 Accepted:2022-02-15 Online:2022-07-25 Published:2022-08-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了更好地保护和开发我国新疆的牦牛遗传资源，对新疆克孜勒苏柯尔克孜地区帕米尔牦牛的遗传多样性及群体遗传结构进行了分析。对3个帕米尔牦牛类群的线粒体COⅠ基因序列进行测定，分析其多态性，构建系统进化树。研究结果显示，帕米尔牦牛COⅠ基因序列全长为1 048 bp，共检测到13个变异位点，其中单态突变位点9个，简约信息位点4个。在帕米尔牦牛类群中共检测出10种单倍型，平均单倍型多样性（haplotype diversity,H_d）、平均核苷酸多样性（nucleotide diversity,P_i）分别为0.762和0.001 64。3个类群间平均遗传距离为0.004 30，且苏木塔什牦牛与布伦口牦牛的遗传距离最小（0.003 72）。结果表明，帕米尔牦牛具有丰富的遗传多样性，但各类群之间遗传分化不明显，且经人工或自然选择后群体发生了扩张和基因交流的情况。研究结果为新疆帕米尔牦牛的遗传改良及新疆优良畜禽遗传资源的保护和开发提供了科学依据。

关键词: 帕米尔牦牛, COⅠ基因, 遗传多样性, 群体遗传结构

Abstract:

The objective of this study is to analyze the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of Pamir yaks in Kizilsu Kirghiz Region of Xinjiang，China. The mitochondrial COⅠ gene sequences and their polymorphisms of 3 Pamir yak groups were used to construct the phylogenetic trees. Results showed that the total length of the COⅠ gene sequence of Pamir yaks was 1 048 bp. There were 13 mutation sites： 9 single mutation sites and 4 parsimony information sites. The average haplotype diversity （H_d） and average nucleotide diversity （P_i） of 10 haplotypes detected in 3 Pamir yak populations were 0.762 and 0.001 64，respectively. The mean genetic distance of the three groups was 0.004 30， and the distance between Sumutashi yaks and Bulunkou yaks was the least （0.003 72）. The results indicated that the Pamir yaks had a rich genetic diversity，but the genetic differentiation was not evident among different subgroups. The population size has been expanded and the gene exchanges occurred by artificial and natural selection. These results provided scientific data for genetic improvement， protection and development of Pamir yaks in Xinjiang.

Key words: Pamir yaks, COⅠ gene, genetic diversity, population genetic structure

中图分类号:

S823.8+5

高勤学, 杨文科, 蒙永刚, 牙生江·纳斯尔, 买买提吐尔干·库瓦西. 新疆克孜勒苏柯尔克孜地区帕米尔牦牛mtDNA COⅠ 的遗传多样性分析[J]. 生物技术进展, 2022, 12(4): 568-576.

Qinxue GAO, Wenke YANG, Yonggang MENG, Nashier YASHENGJIANG, Kuwaxi MAIMAITITUERGAN. Genetic Diversity of Xinjiang Kizilsu Kirghiz Region Pamir Yaks Based on Mitochondrial COⅠ Gene[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2022, 12(4): 568-576.

图/表 9

表1 试验牦牛类群、数量及采样地点

Table 1 Test yak groups, number and sampling location

类群	代码	采样数量/头	采样地点
合计		115
苏木塔什牦牛	SMTS	38	阿合奇县苏木塔什乡
布伦口牦牛	BLK	30	阿克陶县布伦口乡
哈拉峻牦牛	HLJ	47	阿图什市哈拉峻乡

图1 新疆帕米尔牦牛mtDNA COⅠ基因PCR扩增注：M—DL100 bp ladder; 1~14—牦牛COⅠ基因PCR扩增产物。

Fig.1 PCR amplification of mtDNA COⅠ gene of Pamir yaks in Xinjiang

表2 新疆帕米尔牦牛的单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性

Table 2 Haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of Pamir yaks in Xinjiang

类群	单倍型数	单倍型多样性	核苷酸多样性	Tajima's D	统计显著性
平均	5.67	0.762	0.001 64	-1.334 01	P>0.10
苏木塔什牦牛	5	0.905	0.002 27	-0.862 84	P>0.10
布伦口牦牛	6	0.800	0.001 32	0.043 30	P>0.10
哈拉峻牦牛	6	0.616	0.001 26	-1.227 83	P>0.10

表3 新疆帕米尔牦牛的mtDNA COⅠ的单倍型分布

Table 3 mtDNA COⅠ gene haplotypes of Pamir yaks in Xinjiang

单倍型	个体数	单倍型分布
Hap_1	16	BLK1、BLK2、HLJ8、HLJ11~15、HLJ17~24
Hap_2	3	SMTS4、BLK6、HLJ2
Hap_3	13	SMTS6、SMTS7、BLK5、BLK8~11、HLJ1、HLJ3~6、HLJ9
Hap_4	1	BLK3
Hap_5	3	SMTS2、SMTS3、BLK4
Hap_6	2	SMTS5、HLJ10
Hap_7	1	HLJ16
Hap_8	1	BLK7
Hap_9	1	HLJ7
Hap_10	1	SMTS1

表4 新疆帕米尔牦牛COⅠ的氨基酸组成 (%)

Table 4 COⅠ average amino-acid composition of Pamir yaks in Xinjiang

氨基酸	百分比含量	氨基酸	百分比含量
Ala	1.242	Met	1.864
Cys	2.795	Asn	3.416
Asp	3.106	Pro	6.825
Glu	5.443	Gln	5.280
Phe	4.969	Arg	5.287
Gly	2.329	Ser	12.704
His	5.273	Thr	9.177
Ile	7.284	Val	1.257
Lys	3.106	Trp	0.311
Leu	13.059	Tyr	5.273

表5 新疆帕米尔牦牛类群间的 kimura 双参数遗传距离

Table 5 Kimura 2-parameter genetic distance between Pamir yaks breeds in Xinjiang inferred from kimura

类群	苏木塔什牦牛	布伦口牦牛	哈拉峻牦牛
苏木塔什牦牛	—	—	—
布伦口牦牛	0.003 72	—	—
哈拉峻牦牛	0.005 22	0.003 96	—

图2 基于 kimura 双参数遗传距离的新疆帕米尔牦牛类群间的 NJ 聚类关系

Fig.2 NJ tree based on kimura 2-parameter distance between groups of Pamir yaks in Xinjiang

图3 基于 kimura 双参数遗传距离的新疆帕米尔牦牛类群间的 UPGMA 聚类关系

Fig.3 UPGMA tree based on kimura 2-parameter distance between groups of Pamir yaks in Xinjiang

图4 基于 NJ 法构建 21 个物种的 COⅠ基因系统进化树

Fig.4 The phylogenetic tree of COⅠ gene of 21 species based on NJ method

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新疆克孜勒苏柯尔克孜地区帕米尔牦牛mtDNA COⅠ 的遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity of Xinjiang Kizilsu Kirghiz Region Pamir Yaks Based on Mitochondrial COⅠ Gene

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