八角茴香化学成分、药理作用和提取分析加工技术研究进展

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0025

生物技术进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (4): 587-596.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0025

• 进展评述 • 上一篇

八角茴香化学成分、药理作用和提取分析加工技术研究进展

韦沁(), 黄丹娜(), 陈路(), 王聪

广西壮族自治区药用植物园，西南濒危药材资源开发国家工程研究中心，大健康产品开发协同创新中心，南宁 530023

收稿日期:2025-02-27 接受日期:2025-04-01 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-09-08
通讯作者: 黄丹娜,陈路
作者简介:韦沁 E-mail：well_wqin@163.com
基金资助:
广西壮族自治区中医药管理局项目(GXZYA20230001);广西壮族自治区药用植物园科研基金项目(202304)

Research Advances on Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological Effects, Extraction Analytical and Processing Techniques of Star Anise

Qin WEI(), Danna HUANG(), Lu CHEN(), Cong WANG

Collaborative Innovation Center for Big Health Product Development，National Engineering Research Center for the Development of Endangered Medicinal Materials Resources in Southwest China，Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Medicinal Botanical Garden，Nanning 530023，China

Received:2025-02-27 Accepted:2025-04-01 Online:2025-07-25 Published:2025-09-08
Contact: Danna HUANG,Lu CHEN

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

八角茴香（Illicium verum Hook. f.）属于木兰科植物，是中国特有的药食同源植物，目前研究集中于其化学成分与药理作用的开发利用。然而，八角茴香化学成分的系统鉴定和药理作用的定量数据不足，加工及提取技术缺乏统一规范。综述系统梳理了八角茴香的主要成分，包括挥发油、黄酮类、酚酸类、倍半萜内酯类等，分析了其抗菌、镇痛、抗炎、抗氧化等药理作用，并总结了提取、分析及鲜料加工等方法的工艺要点，以期为完善八角茴香研究方法与工艺标准，提升资源利用效率和产业化应用提供有力支撑。

关键词: 八角茴香, 化学成分, 药理作用, 提取分析, 加工技术

Abstract:

Star anise （Illicium verum Hook. f.） belongs to the Magnoliaceae family， a medicinal-food homologous plant endemic to China， has current research primarily focused on the development and utilization of its chemical components and pharmacological effects. However， challenges remain in the systematic identification of its chemical composition， insufficient quantitative data on pharmacological effects， and the absence of standardized protocols for processing and extraction technologies. The review systematically sorted out the main constituents， including volatile oils， phenolic acids， flavonoids， and sesquiterpene lactones， analysed the pharmacological activities such as antibacterial， analgesic， anti-inflammatory， and antioxidant effects and summarized the main points of extraction techiniques， analysis and fresh material processing technology. It provides strong support for improving the research methods and technological standards of star anise， improving the efficiency of resource utilization and industrial application.

Key words: star anise, chemical components, pharmacological effects, extraction techniques, processing technology

中图分类号:

Q946.8

韦沁, 黄丹娜, 陈路, 王聪. 八角茴香化学成分、药理作用和提取分析加工技术研究进展[J]. 生物技术进展, 2025, 15(4): 587-596.

Qin WEI, Danna HUANG, Lu CHEN, Cong WANG. Research Advances on Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological Effects, Extraction Analytical and Processing Techniques of Star Anise[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2025, 15(4): 587-596.

图/表 2

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活性成分	主要化合物	功效
挥发油	大茴香脑、柠檬烯、柠檬醛、草蒿脑、茴香醛、桉油精、α-蒎烯等	抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化
酚酸类	对香豆酸、没食子酸、肉桂酸、绿原酸、阿魏酸	抗氧化、抗肥胖、抗菌、抗炎
有机酸类	莽草酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸、油酸	抗病毒、抗癌（莽草酸为磷酸奥司他韦中间体）、调节代谢
黄酮类	槲皮素、山柰素、异鼠李素及其苷类（与D-葡萄糖、D-木糖、L-鼠李糖结合）	抗氧化、抗炎
倍半萜内酯类	伪莽毒素、莽草毒素、八角莽草毒素A/B、6-去氧伪莽草毒素及其30余种衍生物	抗肿瘤、杀菌消炎、与毒性作用相关
多糖类	八角茴香多糖（以半乳糖醛酸为主的高支化结构）	抗肥胖、降血压、控血糖、抗氧化、抗肿瘤

活性成分	主要化合物	功效
挥发油	大茴香脑、柠檬烯、柠檬醛、草蒿脑、茴香醛、桉油精、α-蒎烯等	抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化
酚酸类	对香豆酸、没食子酸、肉桂酸、绿原酸、阿魏酸	抗氧化、抗肥胖、抗菌、抗炎
有机酸类	莽草酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸、油酸	抗病毒、抗癌（莽草酸为磷酸奥司他韦中间体）、调节代谢
黄酮类	槲皮素、山柰素、异鼠李素及其苷类（与D-葡萄糖、D-木糖、L-鼠李糖结合）	抗氧化、抗炎
倍半萜内酯类	伪莽毒素、莽草毒素、八角莽草毒素A/B、6-去氧伪莽草毒素及其30余种衍生物	抗肿瘤、杀菌消炎、与毒性作用相关
多糖类	八角茴香多糖（以半乳糖醛酸为主的高支化结构）	抗肥胖、降血压、控血糖、抗氧化、抗肿瘤

提取方法	优点	缺点	适用范围
水蒸气蒸馏	纯净环保、安全	成本较高、热敏成分易降解	精油提取
分子蒸馏	低温提取、成分不易破坏、操作简单、能耗低、绿色环保	设备昂贵	高端精油分离
有机溶剂萃取	操作简单、成本低	溶剂用量大、提取效率低	实验室小规模提取
索氏提取	操作简单、成本低、提取率高	耗时长、溶剂消耗大；需高温加热、热敏成分易损失	实验室高纯度提取
超临界CO₂	无溶剂残留	工艺复杂	药物与食品级提取
超声波提取	操作简单、提取工艺成本低	提取率较低	实验室小规模提取
亚临界流体正丁醇萃取	低温保护热敏成分、香气特性保留好	工艺较新、设备要求高	高价值精油提取
酶辅助提取法	高效破坏细胞壁、绿色温和、溶剂用量少	酶成本高、工艺优化复杂，需结合其他技术	需高提取效率场景

提取方法	优点	缺点	适用范围
水蒸气蒸馏	纯净环保、安全	成本较高、热敏成分易降解	精油提取
分子蒸馏	低温提取、成分不易破坏、操作简单、能耗低、绿色环保	设备昂贵	高端精油分离
有机溶剂萃取	操作简单、成本低	溶剂用量大、提取效率低	实验室小规模提取
索氏提取	操作简单、成本低、提取率高	耗时长、溶剂消耗大；需高温加热、热敏成分易损失	实验室高纯度提取
超临界CO₂	无溶剂残留	工艺复杂	药物与食品级提取
超声波提取	操作简单、提取工艺成本低	提取率较低	实验室小规模提取
亚临界流体正丁醇萃取	低温保护热敏成分、香气特性保留好	工艺较新、设备要求高	高价值精油提取
酶辅助提取法	高效破坏细胞壁、绿色温和、溶剂用量少	酶成本高、工艺优化复杂，需结合其他技术	需高提取效率场景

八角茴香化学成分、药理作用和提取分析加工技术研究进展

Research Advances on Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological Effects, Extraction Analytical and Processing Techniques of Star Anise

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