植物功能着丝粒DNA研究进展

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2021.0109

生物技术进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (1): 1-9.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2021.0109

• 进展评述 • 下一篇

植物功能着丝粒DNA研究进展

张会¹^,²(), 王凯¹()

^1.南通大学生命科学学院，江苏南通 226019
^2.南通大学教务处，江苏南通 226019

收稿日期:2021-06-15 接受日期:2021-08-05 出版日期:2022-01-25 发布日期:2022-01-26
通讯作者: 王凯
作者简介:张会 E-mail：hzhangfly107@126.com；
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32070544)

The Research Progress on Plant Functional Centromere DNAs

Hui ZHANG¹^,²(), Kai WANG¹()

^1.School of Life Science，Nantong University，Jiangsu Nantong 226019，China
^2.Academic Affairs Office，Nantong University，Jiangsu Nantong 226019，China

Received:2021-06-15 Accepted:2021-08-05 Online:2022-01-25 Published:2022-01-26
Contact: Kai WANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

着丝粒（centromere）是真核生物染色体的重要功能结构。在细胞有丝分裂和减数分裂过程中，着丝粒通过招募动粒蛋白行使功能，保障染色体正确分离和传递。真核生物中，含有着丝粒特异组蛋白的CenH3区域被定义为功能着丝粒区，即真正意义上的着丝粒。近年来，借助染色质免疫沉淀技术，人们对功能着丝粒DNA开展了深入研究，揭示其组成、结构及演化特征，并发现功能着丝粒区存在具有转录活性的基因，且部分基因具有重要生物学功能。由于存在大量重复DNA，着丝粒演化之谜一直未能完全揭示。对植物功能着丝粒DNA序列研究进展进行了概述，并重点阐述了着丝粒重复DNA研究的新方法和新进展，以期为深入开展相关研究提供借鉴。

关键词: 功能着丝粒, CenH3, 重复DNA, 演化

Abstract:

The centromere is an important functional region in eukaryotic chromosomes. During cell mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotes， centromere plays a key role in faithful segregation of chromosomes by recruiting the kinetochore. In eukaryotes， the CenH3 region containing centromere specific histones is defined as the functional centromere region， which is the true centromere. In recent years， based on the application of chromatin immunoprecipitation， centromeric DNAs can be readily isolated and characterized. The composition， construction and evolution of centromeres were revealed， and some genes were found with important biological functions. However， because of the high level of diversity of centromeric repetitive DNAs， the evolution of centromeric repetitive DNAs is still elusive. In this paper， the research progress of functional centromere DNA sequences in plants was summarized， and the new methods and progress of centromere repetitive DNAs research were emphasized， which aimed to provide reference for further research.

Key words: functional centromere, CenH3, repetitive DNAs, evolution

中图分类号:

Q343.2

张会, 王凯. 植物功能着丝粒DNA研究进展[J]. 生物技术进展, 2022, 12(1): 1-9.

Hui ZHANG, Kai WANG. The Research Progress on Plant Functional Centromere DNAs[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2022, 12(1): 1-9.

图/表 4

参考文献 53

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属名	种名	重复序列	序列大小/bp
拟南芥属（Arabidopsis）	大沙叶芥（A. arenosa）	pAa214	166~179
	叶芽鼠耳芥（A. gemmifera）	pAge1，pAge2	180
	无苞芥（A. pumila）	pAgKB2，pAgKB1	180
	鼠耳芥（A. thaliana）	pAL1	180
落花生属（Arachis）	A. batizocoi	AbaTR⁃2	297
	落花生（A. hypogaea）	Cot⁃1⁃5，Cot⁃1⁃59，Cot⁃1⁃119	115
	A. helodes	AheTR⁃2	295
	A. trinitensis	AtrTR⁃2	300
甜菜属（Beta）	白花甜菜（B. corolliflora）	pHC8	162
	平匍甜菜（B. procumbens）	pTS5，pTS4.1	158~312
	栽培甜菜（B. vulgaris）	pBv1	326~327
芸薹属（Brassica）	紫菜薹（B. campestris）	pBcKB4，pBT11	175
芸薹属（Brassica）	结球甘蓝（B. oleracea）	pBoKB1	171
稻属（Oryza）	短花药野生稻（O. brachyantha）	CentO⁃F	154
	根茎野生稻（O. rhizomatis）	CentO⁃C1，CentO⁃C2	126，366
	栽培稻（O. sativa）	CentO	155
茄属（Solanum）	S. bulbocastanum	pSbTC1	7
茄属（Solanum）	马铃薯（S. tuberosum）	St18，St24，St49，St57，St3⁃58，St3⁃238，St3⁃294	979~5 390
紫云英（Astragalus sinicus）		CentAs	20
二穗短柄草（Brachypodium distachyon）		CentBd	156
大豆[Glycine max （soybean）]		CentGm⁃1，CentGm⁃2，CentGm⁃4	91~411
光叶百脉根（Lotus japonicus）		Ljcen1	440
紫苜蓿（Medicago sativa）		MsCR	15~168
御谷（Pennisetum glaucum）		pPgKB19	137
甘蔗热带种（Saccharum officinarum）		SCEN	140
高粱[Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)]		pSau3A10	137
小麦[Triticum aestivum (wheat)]		Tail family	570
三叶草（Trifolium repens）		TrR350	350
豇豆（Vigna unguiculata）		pVuKB1	488
玉米（Zea mays）		CentC,Cent4	156，740

属名	种名	重复序列	序列大小/bp
拟南芥属（Arabidopsis）	大沙叶芥（A. arenosa）	pAa214	166~179
	叶芽鼠耳芥（A. gemmifera）	pAge1，pAge2	180
	无苞芥（A. pumila）	pAgKB2，pAgKB1	180
	鼠耳芥（A. thaliana）	pAL1	180
落花生属（Arachis）	A. batizocoi	AbaTR⁃2	297
	落花生（A. hypogaea）	Cot⁃1⁃5，Cot⁃1⁃59，Cot⁃1⁃119	115
	A. helodes	AheTR⁃2	295
	A. trinitensis	AtrTR⁃2	300
甜菜属（Beta）	白花甜菜（B. corolliflora）	pHC8	162
	平匍甜菜（B. procumbens）	pTS5，pTS4.1	158~312
	栽培甜菜（B. vulgaris）	pBv1	326~327
芸薹属（Brassica）	紫菜薹（B. campestris）	pBcKB4，pBT11	175
芸薹属（Brassica）	结球甘蓝（B. oleracea）	pBoKB1	171
稻属（Oryza）	短花药野生稻（O. brachyantha）	CentO⁃F	154
	根茎野生稻（O. rhizomatis）	CentO⁃C1，CentO⁃C2	126，366
	栽培稻（O. sativa）	CentO	155
茄属（Solanum）	S. bulbocastanum	pSbTC1	7
茄属（Solanum）	马铃薯（S. tuberosum）	St18，St24，St49，St57，St3⁃58，St3⁃238，St3⁃294	979~5 390
紫云英（Astragalus sinicus）		CentAs	20
二穗短柄草（Brachypodium distachyon）		CentBd	156
大豆[Glycine max （soybean）]		CentGm⁃1，CentGm⁃2，CentGm⁃4	91~411
光叶百脉根（Lotus japonicus）		Ljcen1	440
紫苜蓿（Medicago sativa）		MsCR	15~168
御谷（Pennisetum glaucum）		pPgKB19	137
甘蔗热带种（Saccharum officinarum）		SCEN	140
高粱[Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)]		pSau3A10	137
小麦[Triticum aestivum (wheat)]		Tail family	570
三叶草（Trifolium repens）		TrR350	350
豇豆（Vigna unguiculata）		pVuKB1	488
玉米（Zea mays）		CentC,Cent4	156，740

种名	重复序列	序列大小/bp
拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）	Athila	10 500
落花生（Arachis hypogaea）	Cot⁃1⁃Clone117（partial）	117
平匍甜菜（Beta procumbens）	pBp10	417
甜菜（Beta vulgaris）	pBv26	417
二穗短柄草（Brachypodium distachyon）	CRBd1	—
大豆[Glycine max （soybean）]	GmCR	421~852
雷蒙德棉（Gossypium raimondii）	Gr087，Gr201，Gr285，Gr291，Gr298，Gr304，Gr327，Gr334，Gr344，Gr359，Gr369，Gr372，Gr386，Gr407，Gr442，Gr452，Gr471，Gr552，Gr616	309~5 909
大麦（Hordeum vulgare）	cereba	7 176
番茄（Lycopersicum esculentum）	TGRIV	7 000
水稻（Oryza sativa）	CRR	7 400~7 800
黑麦（Secale cereale）	Bilby	3 400
甘蔗热带种（Saccharum officinarum）	CRS	3 600
高粱（Sorghum bicolor）	pSau3A9	745
野生一粒小麦（Triticum boeoticum）	CRWs	7 762~7 865
玉米（Zea mays）	CRM	7 572
Zingeria biebersteiniana	Zb47A	263

种名	重复序列	序列大小/bp
拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）	Athila	10 500
落花生（Arachis hypogaea）	Cot⁃1⁃Clone117（partial）	117
平匍甜菜（Beta procumbens）	pBp10	417
甜菜（Beta vulgaris）	pBv26	417
二穗短柄草（Brachypodium distachyon）	CRBd1	—
大豆[Glycine max （soybean）]	GmCR	421~852
雷蒙德棉（Gossypium raimondii）	Gr087，Gr201，Gr285，Gr291，Gr298，Gr304，Gr327，Gr334，Gr344，Gr359，Gr369，Gr372，Gr386，Gr407，Gr442，Gr452，Gr471，Gr552，Gr616	309~5 909
大麦（Hordeum vulgare）	cereba	7 176
番茄（Lycopersicum esculentum）	TGRIV	7 000
水稻（Oryza sativa）	CRR	7 400~7 800
黑麦（Secale cereale）	Bilby	3 400
甘蔗热带种（Saccharum officinarum）	CRS	3 600
高粱（Sorghum bicolor）	pSau3A9	745
野生一粒小麦（Triticum boeoticum）	CRWs	7 762~7 865
玉米（Zea mays）	CRM	7 572
Zingeria biebersteiniana	Zb47A	263

植物功能着丝粒DNA研究进展

The Research Progress on Plant Functional Centromere DNAs

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