关键词: RNAi育种, 载体设计, 倒置重复, 人工miRNA, RNA介导的DNA甲基化

Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) refers to the phenomenon of high-efficiency and specific degradation of homologous mRNA induced by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which is ubiquitous and evolutionarily conserved in eukaryotes. RNAi technology, as a major scientific achievement at the beginning of the 21st century, is currently widely used in disease prevention, gene function research, plant improvement and breeding and other fields. RNAi technology is often combined with transgenic technology for plant improvement and breeding, and agricultural biotechnology products satisfying production needs are created through different vector designs or action pathways. In order to clarify the progress on breeding technology of transgenic plants based on RNAi technology, the research progress of the discovery and mechanism of RNAi phenomenon, the design of transgenic vectors and the delivery methods of small RNA (sRNA) were reviewed. And the research examples and commercialization of transgenic plants based on RNAi technology were also elaborated, with a view to providing reference for related research, thus exerting the maximum application value of RNAi technology and serving the agricultural development in the new era.

Key words: RNAi breeding, vector design, inverted repeat, artificial miRNA, RNA-directed DNA methylation