福建省闽北牧区奶源微生物污染及致病菌耐药情况研究

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2024.0164

生物技术进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (1): 127-134.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2024.0164

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

福建省闽北牧区奶源微生物污染及致病菌耐药情况研究

周双辉()

福建省产品质量检验研究院，福州 350002

收稿日期:2024-10-24 接受日期:2024-12-03 出版日期:2025-01-25 发布日期:2025-03-07
作者简介:周双辉 E-mail： 675161367@qq.com
基金资助:
福建省市场监督管理局科技项目(FJMS2022008)

Microbial Contamination and Antibiotic Resistance Characteristics in Raw Milk from Pastures in Northern Fujian Province

Shuanghui ZHOU()

Fujian Inspection and Research Institute for Product Quality，Fuzhou 350002，China

Received:2024-10-24 Accepted:2024-12-03 Online:2025-01-25 Published:2025-03-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了了解福建省闽北牧场奶源中微生物污染情况和奶源中所分离致病菌的耐药性特征，对2023年12月—2024年6月采集自闽北14个牧场的46份大罐奶生牛乳样品开展菌落总数和大肠菌群计数以及金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、单增李斯特氏菌、克罗诺杆菌属和克雷伯氏菌等5种致病菌污染情况筛查，同时对试样中分离出的金黄色葡萄球菌、克雷伯氏菌和大肠埃希氏菌进行抗生素药物敏感性试验。46份生牛乳样本的菌落总数平均值为5 500 CFU·mL^-1；大肠菌群计数平均值为39 CFU·mL^-1。分离出的致病菌总耐药率为63.5%，金黄色葡萄球菌耐药率为38.3%，克雷伯氏菌耐药率96.6%，大肠埃希氏菌耐药率为84.6%。β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药比率最高，二重耐药及以上致病菌占比93.2%。福建省闽北牧场生牛乳中菌落总数污染风险较低，达到“特级乳”标准。生牛乳中致病菌对β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药情况较为严重，存在多重耐药风险。

关键词: 生牛乳, 抗生素耐药, 金黄色葡萄球菌, 克雷伯氏菌, 大肠埃希氏菌

Abstract:

To investigate the microbial contamination and antibiotic resistance characteristics of pathogenic bacteria isolated from raw milk in pastures of northern Fujian Province. From December 2023 to June 2024， 46 bulk tank raw milk samples were collected from 14 pastures in northern Fujian. The samples were analyzed for aerobic plate count， coliform count， and screened for contamination by five pathogenic bacteria： Staphylococcus aureus， Salmonella spp.， Listeria monocytogenes， Cronobacter spp.， and Klebsiella spp. Additionally， antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted on the isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus， Klebsiella spp.， and Escherichia coli. The average total bacterial count in the 46 raw milk samples was 5 500 CFU·mL^-1， and the average coliform count was 39 CFU·mL^-1. The overall antibiotic resistance rate of the isolated pathogenic bacteria was 63.5%， with resistance rates of 38.3% for Staphylococcus aureus， 96.6% for Klebsiella spp.， and 84.6% for Escherichia coli. The highest resistance was observed to β-lactam antibiotics， with 93.2% of the pathogenic bacteria exhibiting multidrug resistance. The microbial contamination risk in the raw milk from northern Fujian pastures is low， meeting the “premium milk” standard. However， there is a significant issue with antibiotic resistance among the pathogenic bacteria， particularly to β-lactam antibiotics， with a high risk of multidrug resistance.

Key words: raw milk, antibiotic resistance, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli

中图分类号:

Q939.9

周双辉. 福建省闽北牧区奶源微生物污染及致病菌耐药情况研究[J]. 生物技术进展, 2025, 15(1): 127-134.

Shuanghui ZHOU. Microbial Contamination and Antibiotic Resistance Characteristics in Raw Milk from Pastures in Northern Fujian Province[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2025, 15(1): 127-134.

图/表 5

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抗生素名称	含量/(·片^-1)	敏感株	中介株	耐药株	中介+耐药比率
青霉素（P）	10 IU	43	0	17	28.3%
氨苄西林（AMP）	10 μg	43	0	17	28.3%
青霉素/新生霉素（PNV）	10 IU+30 μg	60	0	0	0.0%
头孢西丁（FOX）	30 μg	59	0	1	1.7%
头孢洛林（CPT）	30 μg	60	0	0	0.0%
头孢唑林（KZ）	30 μg	60	0	0	0.0%
美罗培南（MEM）	10 μg	60	0	0	0.0%
庆大霉素（CN）	10 μg	58	1	1	3.3%
红霉素（E）	15 μg	47	9	4	21.7%
四环素（TE）	30 μg	58	1	1	3.3%
环丙沙星（CIP）	5 μg	59	0	1	1.7%
磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄啶（SXT）	23.5 μg+1.5 μg	53	6	1	11.7%
利福平（RD）	5 μg	60	0	0	0.0%
克林霉素（DA）	2 μg	51	6	3	15.0%

抗生素名称	含量/(·片^-1)	敏感株	中介株	耐药株	中介+耐药比率
青霉素（P）	10 IU	43	0	17	28.3%
氨苄西林（AMP）	10 μg	43	0	17	28.3%
青霉素/新生霉素（PNV）	10 IU+30 μg	60	0	0	0.0%
头孢西丁（FOX）	30 μg	59	0	1	1.7%
头孢洛林（CPT）	30 μg	60	0	0	0.0%
头孢唑林（KZ）	30 μg	60	0	0	0.0%
美罗培南（MEM）	10 μg	60	0	0	0.0%
庆大霉素（CN）	10 μg	58	1	1	3.3%
红霉素（E）	15 μg	47	9	4	21.7%
四环素（TE）	30 μg	58	1	1	3.3%
环丙沙星（CIP）	5 μg	59	0	1	1.7%
磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄啶（SXT）	23.5 μg+1.5 μg	53	6	1	11.7%
利福平（RD）	5 μg	60	0	0	0.0%
克林霉素（DA）	2 μg	51	6	3	15.0%

抗生素名称	含量/(·片^-1)	敏感株	中介株	耐药株	中介+耐药率
氨苄西林（AMP）	10 μg	1	2	26	96.6%
头孢西丁（FOX）	30 μg	29	0	0	0.0%
头孢洛林（CPT）	30 μg	23	1	5	20.7%
头孢唑林（KZ）	30 μg	16	7	6	44.8%
美罗培南（MEM）	10 μg	26	2	1	10.3%
庆大霉素（CN）	10 μg	24	0	5	17.2%
四环素（TE）	30 μg	25	0	4	13.8%
环丙沙星（CIP）	5 μg	16	11	2	44.8%
磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄啶（SXT）	23.5 μg+1.5 μg	21	6	2	27.6%

抗生素名称	含量/(·片^-1)	敏感株	中介株	耐药株	中介+耐药率
氨苄西林（AMP）	10 μg	1	2	26	96.6%
头孢西丁（FOX）	30 μg	29	0	0	0.0%
头孢洛林（CPT）	30 μg	23	1	5	20.7%
头孢唑林（KZ）	30 μg	16	7	6	44.8%
美罗培南（MEM）	10 μg	26	2	1	10.3%
庆大霉素（CN）	10 μg	24	0	5	17.2%
四环素（TE）	30 μg	25	0	4	13.8%
环丙沙星（CIP）	5 μg	16	11	2	44.8%
磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄啶（SXT）	23.5 μg+1.5 μg	21	6	2	27.6%

抗生素名称	含量/(·片^-1)	敏感株	中介株	耐药株	中介+耐药率
氨苄西林（AMP）	10 μg	9	3	14	65.4%
头孢西丁（FOX）	30 μg	23	0	3	11.5%
头孢洛林（CPT）	30 μg	18	0	8	30.8%
头孢唑林（KZ）	30 μg	18	4	4	30.8%
美罗培南（MEM）	10 μg	23	2	1	11.5%
庆大霉素（CN）	10 μg	20	0	6	23.1%
四环素（TE）	30 μg	19	0	7	26.9%
环丙沙星（CIP）	5 μg	16	9	1	38.5%
磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄啶（SXT）	23.5 μg+1.5 μg	24	0	2	7.7%

福建省闽北牧区奶源微生物污染及致病菌耐药情况研究

Microbial Contamination and Antibiotic Resistance Characteristics in Raw Milk from Pastures in Northern Fujian Province

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参考文献 27

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名称	多重耐药数	耐药谱	株数	占比
金黄色葡萄球菌	6	P-AMP-TE-CIP-SXT-DA	1	1.7%
	5	P-AMP-CN-E-DA	1	1.7%
	3	P-AMP-FOX	1	1.7%
	3	P-AMP-E	2	3.3%
	2	P-AMP	12	20.0%
	2	E-DA	1	1.7%
克雷伯氏菌	5	AMP-CPT-KZ-CN-CIP	1	3.4%
	5	AMP-CPT-KZ-CN-TE	1	3.4%
	4	AMP-CPT-KZ-TE	1	3.4%
	4	AMP-KZ-CN-TE	1	3.4%
	3	AMP-CPT-KZ	2	6.9%
	3	AMP-CN-TE	1	3.4%
	2	AMP-MEM	1	3.4%
		AMP-CIP	1	3.4%
		AMP-CN	1	3.4%
		AMP-SXT	2	6.9%
大肠埃希氏菌	7	AMP-FOX-CPT-KZ-CN-TE-SXT	1	3.8%
	4	AMP-CPT-CN-TE	1	3.8%
	4	AMP-FOX-KZ-TE	1	3.8%
	3	AMP-CPT-CN	3	11.5%
		AMP-CPT-CIP	1	3.8%
		AMP-CPT-KZ	1	3.8%
		AMP-FOX-KZ	1	3.8%
		CN-TE-SXT	1	3.8%
	2	AMP-TE	1	3.8%
	2	CPT-TE	1	3.8%
	1	AMP	4	15.4%
	1	TE	1	3.8%

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