微塑料及其生物降解研究进展

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2024.0125

生物技术进展 ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (5): 768-775.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2024.0125

• 进展评述 • 上一篇

微塑料及其生物降解研究进展

吕家硕(), 任衍棋, 徐湘敏, 张译文, 刘晓晖, 刘成珍()

青岛大学生命科学学院，山东青岛 266000

收稿日期:2024-07-09 接受日期:2024-08-13 出版日期:2024-09-25 发布日期:2024-10-22
通讯作者: 刘成珍
作者简介:吕家硕 E-mail：2802161736@qq.com；
基金资助:
山东省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(X2023110650574)

Research Progress on Microplastics and Their Biodegradation

Jiashuo LYU(), Yanqi REN, Xiangmin XU, Yiwen ZHANG, Xiaohui LIU, Chengzhen LIU()

School of Life Sciences，Qingdao University，Shandong Qingdao 266000，China

Received:2024-07-09 Accepted:2024-08-13 Online:2024-09-25 Published:2024-10-22
Contact: Chengzhen LIU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微塑料（microplastics, MPs）通常是指粒径小于5 mm的塑料纤维、颗粒或者薄膜，其遍布于海洋和陆地的各个环境介质中，是生态系统中的主要污染物，可被生物吸收，产生生态风险和健康风险。由于生物法降解MPs具有成本低、环境友好等特点，拥有广阔的应用前景，是未来MPs降解的总发展趋势。综述了MPs对环境和生物造成的影响，并详细介绍了MPs对人体的潜在毒性，讨论了多种降解MPs的方式（细菌、真菌、生物膜）和机制，以期为进一步研究微塑料的生态风险和高效降解策略提供科学参考。

关键词: 微塑料, 污染, 细胞毒性, 生物降解

Abstract:

Microplastics （MPs） usually referres to plastic fibers， particles or films with a particle size of less than 5 mm， which are found in various environmental media in the ocean and land， and are the main pollutants in the ecosystem， which could be absorbed by organisms and produce ecological and health risks. Due to the characteristics of low cost and environmental friendliness， biodegradable MPs have broad application prospects， which is the general development trend of MPs degradation in the future. This paper reviewed the effects of MPs on the environment and various organisms， and introduced in detail the potential toxicity of MPs to humans， and discussed various ways （bacterial， fungal， biofilm） and mechanisms for degrading MPs. This review hopefully provided a scientific reference for further research on the ecological risks and efficient degradation strategies of microplastics.

Key words: microplastics, contaminate, cytotoxicity, biodegradation

中图分类号:

X172

吕家硕, 任衍棋, 徐湘敏, 张译文, 刘晓晖, 刘成珍. 微塑料及其生物降解研究进展[J]. 生物技术进展, 2024, 14(5): 768-775.

Jiashuo LYU, Yanqi REN, Xiangmin XU, Yiwen ZHANG, Xiaohui LIU, Chengzhen LIU. Research Progress on Microplastics and Their Biodegradation[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2024, 14(5): 768-775.

图/表 2

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微生物	塑料的类型	环境条件	降解效率	参考文献
芽孢杆菌	聚丙烯（polypropylene, PP）	菌株：27；来源：红树林沉积物；40 d	4.0%	[31]
芽孢杆菌（菌株：YP1；来源：食塑料蜡虫）	聚乙烯（polyethylene, PE）	菌株：YP1；来源：食塑料蜡虫；28 d	10.7%	[34]
食酸丛毛单胞菌（菌株：TB-35）	聚氨酯（polyurethane, PUR）	菌株：TB-35；8d；酶类型：酯酶	100%	[35]
产黄青霉菌	低密度聚乙烯（low density polyethylene, LDPE）	粉剂31个月	0.4%	[36]
芽孢杆菌属和类芽孢杆菌属	聚丙烯（PP）	来源：城市垃圾填埋场沉积物；60 d	14.7%	[37]
Souda 和 Agios	高密度聚乙烯（high density polyethylene, HDPE）	来源：苏达湾；60 d	8%~18%	[38]

微生物	塑料的类型	环境条件	降解效率	参考文献
芽孢杆菌	聚丙烯（polypropylene, PP）	菌株：27；来源：红树林沉积物；40 d	4.0%	[31]
芽孢杆菌（菌株：YP1；来源：食塑料蜡虫）	聚乙烯（polyethylene, PE）	菌株：YP1；来源：食塑料蜡虫；28 d	10.7%	[34]
食酸丛毛单胞菌（菌株：TB-35）	聚氨酯（polyurethane, PUR）	菌株：TB-35；8d；酶类型：酯酶	100%	[35]
产黄青霉菌	低密度聚乙烯（low density polyethylene, LDPE）	粉剂31个月	0.4%	[36]
芽孢杆菌属和类芽孢杆菌属	聚丙烯（PP）	来源：城市垃圾填埋场沉积物；60 d	14.7%	[37]
Souda 和 Agios	高密度聚乙烯（high density polyethylene, HDPE）	来源：苏达湾；60 d	8%~18%	[38]

塑料名称	相关降解酶	参考文献
聚氨酯（PUR）	酯酶、蛋白酶、角质酶	[47]
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（polyethylene terephthalate, PET）	脂肪酶、角质酶、羧酸酯酶	[48]
聚苯乙烯（polystyrene, PS）	苯乙烯单加氧酶	[49]
聚乙烯醇（polyvinylalcoho, PVA）	聚乙烯醇氧化酶	[50]

塑料名称	相关降解酶	参考文献
聚氨酯（PUR）	酯酶、蛋白酶、角质酶	[47]
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（polyethylene terephthalate, PET）	脂肪酶、角质酶、羧酸酯酶	[48]
聚苯乙烯（polystyrene, PS）	苯乙烯单加氧酶	[49]
聚乙烯醇（polyvinylalcoho, PVA）	聚乙烯醇氧化酶	[50]

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微塑料及其生物降解研究进展

Research Progress on Microplastics and Their Biodegradation

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