生物炭对植烟土壤养分及烤烟产质量的影响

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2023.0168

生物技术进展 ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (2): 271-277.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2023.0168

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

生物炭对植烟土壤养分及烤烟产质量的影响

赛子林¹(), 齐虹凌¹(), 李云¹, 王玉², 耿一超³

^1.牡丹江师范学院生命科学与技术学院，黑龙江牡丹江 157011
^2.黑龙江省烟草公司牡丹江烟叶公司，黑龙江牡丹江 157011
^3.黑龙江省烟草公司牡丹江烟叶公司宁安分公司，黑龙江牡丹江 157400

收稿日期:2023-12-20 接受日期:2024-01-22 出版日期:2024-03-25 发布日期:2024-04-17
通讯作者: 齐虹凌
作者简介:赛子林E-mail: szl990320@163.com；
基金资助:
黑龙江省教育厅项目(1451ZD005);牡丹江师范学院科研项目(YB2021005)

Effects of Biochar Addition on Soil Nutrients, Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

Zilin SAI¹(), Hongling QI¹(), Yun LI¹, Yu WANG², Yichao GENG³

^1.College of Life Science and Technology，Mudanjiang Normal University，Heilongjiang Mudanjiang 157011，China
^2.Heilongjiang Province Tobacco Company Mudanjiang Tobacco Company，Heilongjiang Mudanjiang 157011，China
^3.Heilongjiang Province Tobacco Company Mudanjiang Tobacco Company Ning'an Branch，Heilongjiang Mudanjiang 157400，China

Received:2023-12-20 Accepted:2024-01-22 Online:2024-03-25 Published:2024-04-17
Contact: Hongling QI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究生物炭对植烟土壤和烤后烟叶产质量的影响，以烤烟品种0110-142和玉米秸秆生物炭为供试材料，开展田间定位试验，共设置了4个处理：生物炭5 t·hm^-2（B1）、15 t·hm^-2（B2）、25 t·hm^-2（B3）和不施生物炭（CK），对土壤养分、烤烟干物质重、烟叶化学成分及经济性状进行测定，以此分析生物炭不同用量对土壤养分及烤烟生长及烟叶品质的影响，并对土壤养分和烤烟经济性状进行相关性分析。结果表明：土壤有机碳含量因生物炭的增施得到提高，B2和B3处理较CK分别显著增加22.76%、30.31%，B2和B3处理均对土壤碱解氮及速效钾积累作用显著；B3处理增加了团棵期烤烟根部的干物质积累量，B2处理增加了现蕾期烤烟叶的干物质积累量；施用生物炭后，上部叶B3处理及下部叶各处理氯含量均显著增加，B2处理下部叶的烟碱含量显著增加35.71%，糖碱比较CK显著降低，中部叶和下部叶的总氮含量显著增加；B2和B3处理还原糖有所减少，烤后烟叶的化学品质有所提升；在经济效益方面，B2处理显著提高了烤烟上中等烟比例及产值，B3处理显著增加了产量。结合相关性分析发现，土壤有机质和速效钾分别与烤后烟叶上等烟率以及产量呈显著正相关。综上，B2及B3处理利于土壤养分和烟株干物质重的积累，同时B2处理利于提高烟叶品质及经济性状，B3处理使产量有所提高，添加生物炭可以改善植烟土壤养分状况及烟叶品质，对烤烟有一定的增产效果。

关键词: 生物炭, 土壤养分, 烟叶品质, 经济效益

Abstract:

In order to explore the impact of biochar on tobacco planting soil and the yield and quality of cured tobacco leaves， the flue-cured tobacco variety 0110-142 and corn stalk biochar were used as test materials to carry out field positioning experiments. Four treatments were set up， with biochar 5 t·hm^-2 （B1）， biochar 15 t·hm^-2 （B2）， biochar 25 t·hm^-2 （B3） and no application of biochar （CK）， which were used to measure soil nutrients， dry matter weight of flue-cured tobacco， chemical composition and economic properties of tobacco leaves， so as to analyze the effects of different amounts of biochar on soil nutrients， growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco， and conduct correlation analysis between soil nutrients and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that the content of soil organic carbon would be increased by increasing the application rate of biochar， and B2 and B3 treatments significantly increased by 22.76% and 30.31% compared with CK； B3 treatment increased the dry matter accumulation in the roots of flue-cured tobacco during the cluster stage， while B2 treatment increased the dry matter accumulation in the leaves of flue-cured tobacco during the budding stage. After the application of biochar， the chlorine content in the upper leaves of B3 treatment and the lower leaves of each treatment significantly increased， the nicotine content in the lower leaves of B2 treatment significantly increased by 35.71%， the sugar and alkali content significantly decreased compared with CK， and the total nitrogen content in the middle and lower leaves significantly increased； B2 and B3 treatments reduced reducing sugar， and the chemical quality of flue-cured tobacco increased. In terms of economic benefits， B2 treatment significantly increased the proportion and output value of medium tobacco in flue-cured tobacco， while B3 treatment significantly increased yield. Combined with the correlation analysis， it was found that soil organic matter and available potassium were significantly positively correlated with the superior tobacco rate and yield of flue-cured tobacco leaves， respectively. To sum up， B2 and B3 treatments were conducive to the accumulation of soil nutrients and dry matter weight of tobacco plants. At the same time， B2 treatment was conducive to improving the quality and economic properties of tobacco leaves and B3 treatment improved the yield. The application of biochar can improve the soil nutrient status of tobacco planting and the quality of tobacco leaves， which has a certain effect on increasing the yield of flue-cured tobacco.

Key words: biochar, soil nutrients, tobacco leaf quality, economic benefits

中图分类号:

Q945.1

赛子林, 齐虹凌, 李云, 王玉, 耿一超. 生物炭对植烟土壤养分及烤烟产质量的影响[J]. 生物技术进展, 2024, 14(2): 271-277.

Zilin SAI, Hongling QI, Yun LI, Yu WANG, Yichao GENG. Effects of Biochar Addition on Soil Nutrients, Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2024, 14(2): 271-277.

图/表 5

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处理	有机质/(g·kg^-1)	碱解氮/(mg·kg^-1)	速效磷/(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾/(mg·kg^-1)
B1	27.25±2.34bc	115.47±2.86ab	32.96±2.28a	207.28±22.41ab
B2	29.62±1.12ab	121.33±11.90a	33.20±2.50a	209.28±11.59ab
B3	31.44±1.89a	115.50±6.96ab	34.89±3.03a	210.89±19.08a
CK	24.13±0.90c	103.17±4.29b	30.40±1.53a	170.72±7.02b

处理	有机质/(g·kg^-1)	碱解氮/(mg·kg^-1)	速效磷/(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾/(mg·kg^-1)
B1	27.25±2.34bc	115.47±2.86ab	32.96±2.28a	207.28±22.41ab
B2	29.62±1.12ab	121.33±11.90a	33.20±2.50a	209.28±11.59ab
B3	31.44±1.89a	115.50±6.96ab	34.89±3.03a	210.89±19.08a
CK	24.13±0.90c	103.17±4.29b	30.40±1.53a	170.72±7.02b

部位	处理	烟碱/%	氯/%	总糖/%	还原糖/%	钾/%	总氮/%	糖碱比	氮碱比	钾氯比
上部叶	B1	0.81±0.07a	0.25±0.08ab	32.27±3.14a	21.33±2.05a	1.02±0.05a	1.12±0.05a	21.61±3.83a	1.40±0.14a	4.48±1.09a
	B2	0.74±0.21a	0.20±0.02ab	30.23±3.69a	19.77±1.18a	1.15±0.23a	1.13±0.04a	28.67±7.86a	1.64±0.43a	5.64±1.03a
	B3	0.73±0.12a	0.31±0.06a	30.50±4.45a	18.87±1.60a	1.12±0.06a	1.12±0.07a	26.16±2.54a	1.59±0.31a	3.84±1.19a
	CK	0.59±0.08a	0.17±0.02b	32.05±4.32a	21.53±2.37a	0.98±0.07a	1.11±0.07a	37.22±8.21a	1.88±0.12a	5.83±0.83a
中部叶	B1	1.21±0.04a	0.24±0.03a	26.83±2.54a	19.60±1.39ab	1.26±0.08a	1.30±0.04ab	15.09±1.77a	1.08±0.05a	5.25±0.77a
	B2	1.11±0.19a	0.27±0.07a	25.03±2.95a	18.30±1.39b	1.25±0.20a	1.31±0.09a	14.89±2.97a	1.22±0.25a	5.19±2.12a
	B3	1.15±0.07a	0.28±0.04a	26.74±4.80a	18.33±1.45b	1.27±0.10a	1.30±0.07ab	16.29±2.17a	1.13±0.02a	4.65±0.63a
	CK	1.12±0.14a	0.20±0.02a	27.61±5.53a	21.81±1.33a	1.13±0.11a	1.16±0.04b	18.48±2.43a	1.06±0.17a	5.62±0.70a
下部叶	B1	1.75±0.04b	0.37±0.03a	28.60±0.96a	18.03±1.33a	1.26±0.07a	1.49±0.04ab	10.27±0.56ab	0.85±0.02a	3.45±0.43a
	B2	2.00±0.11a	0.38±0.03a	27.70±1.50a	19.23±1.58a	1.29±0.07a	1.50±0.05a	9.67±1.37b	0.75±0.05a	3.46±0.38a
	B3	1.86±0.05ab	0.40±0.02a	28.33±2.96a	18.23±1.78a	1.18±0.15a	1.43±0.04ab	9.82±1.21ab	0.77±0.02a	2.93±0.47a
	CK	1.76±0.13b	0.28±0.03b	29.90±1.04a	21.90±1.64a	1.12±0.08a	1.39±0.04b	12.54±1.38a	0.80±0.08a	4.10±0.64a

部位	处理	烟碱/%	氯/%	总糖/%	还原糖/%	钾/%	总氮/%	糖碱比	氮碱比	钾氯比
上部叶	B1	0.81±0.07a	0.25±0.08ab	32.27±3.14a	21.33±2.05a	1.02±0.05a	1.12±0.05a	21.61±3.83a	1.40±0.14a	4.48±1.09a
	B2	0.74±0.21a	0.20±0.02ab	30.23±3.69a	19.77±1.18a	1.15±0.23a	1.13±0.04a	28.67±7.86a	1.64±0.43a	5.64±1.03a
	B3	0.73±0.12a	0.31±0.06a	30.50±4.45a	18.87±1.60a	1.12±0.06a	1.12±0.07a	26.16±2.54a	1.59±0.31a	3.84±1.19a
	CK	0.59±0.08a	0.17±0.02b	32.05±4.32a	21.53±2.37a	0.98±0.07a	1.11±0.07a	37.22±8.21a	1.88±0.12a	5.83±0.83a
中部叶	B1	1.21±0.04a	0.24±0.03a	26.83±2.54a	19.60±1.39ab	1.26±0.08a	1.30±0.04ab	15.09±1.77a	1.08±0.05a	5.25±0.77a
	B2	1.11±0.19a	0.27±0.07a	25.03±2.95a	18.30±1.39b	1.25±0.20a	1.31±0.09a	14.89±2.97a	1.22±0.25a	5.19±2.12a
	B3	1.15±0.07a	0.28±0.04a	26.74±4.80a	18.33±1.45b	1.27±0.10a	1.30±0.07ab	16.29±2.17a	1.13±0.02a	4.65±0.63a
	CK	1.12±0.14a	0.20±0.02a	27.61±5.53a	21.81±1.33a	1.13±0.11a	1.16±0.04b	18.48±2.43a	1.06±0.17a	5.62±0.70a
下部叶	B1	1.75±0.04b	0.37±0.03a	28.60±0.96a	18.03±1.33a	1.26±0.07a	1.49±0.04ab	10.27±0.56ab	0.85±0.02a	3.45±0.43a
	B2	2.00±0.11a	0.38±0.03a	27.70±1.50a	19.23±1.58a	1.29±0.07a	1.50±0.05a	9.67±1.37b	0.75±0.05a	3.46±0.38a
	B3	1.86±0.05ab	0.40±0.02a	28.33±2.96a	18.23±1.78a	1.18±0.15a	1.43±0.04ab	9.82±1.21ab	0.77±0.02a	2.93±0.47a
	CK	1.76±0.13b	0.28±0.03b	29.90±1.04a	21.90±1.64a	1.12±0.08a	1.39±0.04b	12.54±1.38a	0.80±0.08a	4.10±0.64a

处理	上中等烟比例/%	橘色烟比例/%	产量/（kg·hm^-2）	均价/（元·kg^-1）	产值/（元·hm^-2）
B1	62.00±7.15a	29.22±13.04a	3 768.74±144.23ab	13.33±1.70ab	50 171.87±6 084.34ab
B2	64.47±3.94a	17.04±9.46a	3 924.88±128.90ab	14.55±1.01a	57 183.95±5 231.00a
B3	56.80±2.11ab	24.52±11.45a	4 048.91±165.78a	11.56±0.91b	48 901.19±2 729.87ab
CK	48.55±0.91b	16.71±3.44a	3 609.94±119.52b	11.39±0.13b	41 101.96±823.34b

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